非谓语动词(3)---过去分词1.过去分词的语法作用:过去分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词,在句中可以作表语、定语状语和补足语。1)作表语。如:Don’ttouchtheglassbecauseitisbroken.Heisquitepleasedwiththedesignofthedress.•2)作定语:•单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面。如:•Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.•Weneedmorequalifiedteachers.•过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面,相当于一个定语从句。如:•Isthereanythingplannedfortomorrow?•Thesuggestionmadebytheforeignexpertwasadoptedbythemanager.•过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语,前后用逗号隔开。如:•Thebooks,writtenbyLuXun,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.•Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.•3.非谓语动词作定语时的区别•ameetingtobeheldtomorrow(表示将来的动作)•ameetingbeingheldnow(表示正在进行的动作)•ameetingheldyesterday(表示完成的动作)•3)过去分词作补足语:•过去分词可以在see,hear,notice,watch,find,get,have,feel,make,leave,keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语,用作宾语补语。如:•Whenwillyougotothehospitalandhaveyourtoothexamined?•Whenyouaremakingaspeech,youshouldspeakloudertomakeyourselfheard.•4)过去分词做状语:•过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。•①表时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如:•Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.•Askedabouthisfamily,hemadenoanswer.•②表原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。如:•Deeplymovedbythestory,theexcitedpeoplestoppedquarrellingwitheachother.•Encouragedbythespeech,theyoungpeoplemadeuptheirmindstotakeupthestruggle.•③表条件,相当于一个条件状语从句,有时过去分词前可用if等词。如:•Givenanotherchance,hewilldobetter.•Comparedwithyourbrother,youshouldmakegreatereffortstostudyEnglish.•Ifheated,watercanbeturnedintosteam.•④表让步,相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如:•Exhaustedbytherunning,theywentonrunningaftertherobber.•尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽,他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。•Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy•.⑤表方式或伴随情况。如:•Theoldmanwentintotheroom,supportedbyhiswife.•Seatedatthetable,myfatherandIweretalkingaboutmyjob.•(注意).过去分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。如:•Whenaskedwhyhecamehere,theboykeptsilent.•Givenmoretime,wecoulddotheworkbetter.•如果过去分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致,必须使用过去分词的独立主格结构。•独立主格中是使用-ing或是过去分词,则要根据它们的主语和其所表示的动作的关系而定,如:Thebellringing,weallstoppedtalking.•Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.