杰克威尔逊--领导力

BusinessissimpleDon'tmakeitoverlycomplicatedFacerealityDon'tbeafraidofchangeFightbureaucracyDiscoverwhohasthebestideas,andputthoseideasintopracticeLearn,Learn,LearnJackWelch'sGemsActlikeaLeader,notaManagerFindgreatideas,exaggeratethem,andspreadthemlikehellaroundthebusinesswiththespeedoflightEmbraceChange,Don'tFearItStopManaging,StartLeadingWeakManagersaretheKillersofbusiness;theyarethejobkillersCultivateManagersWhoShareYourVisionWhatwearelookingfor...areleaders...whocanenergize,exciteandcontrolratherthanenervate,depressandcontrolFaceReality,ThenActDecisivelyWhataretheGEValuesinscribedonthatWallet-SizedCard?GELeaders...AlwayswithUnyieldingIntegrity:HaveaPassionforExcellenceandHateBureaucracyAreOpentoIdeasfromAnywhere...andCommittedtoWork-OutLiveQuality...andDriveCostandSpeedforCompetitiveAdvantageHavetheSelf-ConfidencetoInvolveEveryoneandBehaveinaBoundarylessFashionCreateaClear,Simple,Reality-BasedVision...andCommunicateittoAllConstituenciesHaveEnormousEnergyandtheAbilitytoEnergizeOthersStretch...SetAggressiveGoals...RewardProgress...YetUnderstandAccountabilityandCommitmentSeeChangeasOpportunity...NotThreatHaveGlobalBrains...andBuildDiverseandGlobalTeamsBeSimple,BeConsistent,andHammerYourMessageHomeTheonlywaytochangepeople'smindsiswithconsistencyBeNumber1orNumber2,ButDon'tNarrowYourMarketWhenyou'renumberfourorfiveinamarket,yougetpneumoniawhennumberonesneezesLookfortheQuantumLeap!Idon'tthinkwehavemovedfastenoughandincisivelyenoughTaketheBossElementandputtheBossElementoutofyourCompanyTaketheBossElementoutofyourCompanyYou'vegottobalancefreedomwithsomecontrol,butyou'vegottohavemorefreedomthanyou'veeverdreamedofStretchTargetsEnergizeBudgetsEnervateStretchTargetsEnergizeDreamsAreExciting;DecimalPointsAren'tStretching,Welchasserts,...allowspeopletoconstantlyreachforthegoal.Andpeoplearegettingmoreandmorecomfortablewiththeideathatyougetthebestoutofpeoplenotbyfightingbudgets,whichareallaboutminimalnumbers,butbygettingpeopletodothebesttheycan,andmeasuringtheirprogresstowardit-againstlastyear,againstwhatcompetitorsaredoing.Weareintheprocessofenrichingourorganizationthroughthestretchconcept.Operatingmarginsare50percenthigherthantheywereforthefirstonehundredandeightyyearsofourcompany,andinatougherglobalenvironment.JackWelch'sVisionfortheMillenniumPeoplealwaysoverestimatehowcomplexbusinessis.Thisisn'trocketscienceDreamsAreExciting;DecimalPointsAren'tStretchisaconceptthatwouldhaveproducedsmirks,ifnotlaughter,intheGEofthreeorfouryearsago,becauseitessentiallymeansusingdreamstosetbusinesstargets-withnorealideaofhowtogetthere.Ifyoudoknowhowtogetthere-it'snotastretchtarget.Wecertainlydidn'thaveacluehowweweregoingtogettoteninventoryturnswhenwesetthattarget.Butwe'regettingthere,andassoonaswebecomesurewecandoit,it'stimeforanotherstretch.HowSixSigmaWorksMeasure:IdentifythekeyinternalprocessthatinfluencesCTQsandmeasurethedefectsgeneratedrelativetoidentifiedCTQs.Analyze:Theobjectiveofthisphaseistostarttounderstandwhydefectsaregenerated.Improve:HeretheobjectiveistoconfirmthekeyvariablesandthenquantifytheeffectofthesevariablesontheCTQs,identifythemaximumacceptablerangesofthekeyvariables,makecertainthemeasurementsystemsarecapableofmeasuringthevariationinthekeyvariables,andmodifytheprocesstostaywithintheacceptableranges.Control:Theobjectiveofthisfinalphaseistoensurethatthemodifiedprocessnowenablesthekeyvariablestostaywithinthemaximumacceptablerangesusingtoolssuchasstatisticalprocesscontrol(SPC)orsimplechecklists.MeasuringProgressGEhasdesignedfivecorporatemeasurestohelpabusinesstrackprogressinthesixsigmaprogram:CustomerSatisfaction:Eachbusinessperformscustomersurveys,askingcustomerstogradeGEandthebest-in-categoryoncritical-to-qualityissues.Thegradeisafive-point-scale,where5isthebestand1istheworst.Adefectisdefinedaseitherlessthanbestinacategoryorascoreof3orless.GEmeasuresdefectspermillionsurveyresponses.Aswithallmeasuresintheproject,theresultsarereportedonaquarterlybasis.CostofPoorQuality:Therearethreecomponents:appraisal,whichismostlyinspection,internalcosts,largelyscrapandrework;andexternalcosts,largelywarrantiesandconcessions.GEtracksthetotalasapercentofrevenuesonaquarterlybasis.SupplierQuality:GEtracksdefectspermillionunitspurchases,wherethedefectiveparthaseitheroneormoreCTQsoutoftoleranceandthereforemustbereturnedorreworked,orthepartisreceivedoutsidetheschedule.InternalPerformance:GEmeasuresthedefectsgeneratedbyitsprocesses.Themeasureisthesumofalldefectsinrelationtothesumofallopportunitiesfordefects(CTQs).DesignforManufactuability:GEmeasuresthepercentofdrawingsreviewedforCTQsdesignedtosixsigma.MostnewproductsarenowdesignedwithCTQsidentified.GEhopestobegindesigningproductsandservicestosixsigmacapability.Thismeasureisveryimportant,sincethedesignapproachoftendrivesthedefectlevels.