《考纲》要求掌握的120个文言实词一组1.爱(1)爱其子,择师而教之________(《师说》)(2)不爱珍器重宝肥饶之地________(《过秦论》)(3)项燕为楚将,数有功,爱士卒,楚人怜之________(《陈涉世家》)(4)向使三国各爱其地________(《六国论》)(5)予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染________(《爱莲说》)答案(1)疼爱(2)吝惜(3)爱护(4)爱惜,珍惜(5)爱慕,欣赏2.安(1)风雨不动安如山________(《茅屋为秋风所破歌》)(2)安能屈豪杰之流,扼腕墓道________(《五人墓碑记》(3)然后得一夕安寝________(《六国论》)(4)思国之安者,必积其德义________(《谏太宗十思疏》)(5)固一世之雄也,而今安在哉!________(《赤壁赋》)(6)衣食所安,弗敢专也________(《曹刿论战》)(7)既来之,则安之________(《论语》)答案(1)安稳(2)怎么(3)安逸(4)安定(5)哪里(6)养生(7)使……安3.被(1)曲罢曾教善才服,妆成每被秋娘妒________(《琵琶行》)(2)将军身被坚执锐________(《陈涉世家》)(3)被发行吟泽畔________(《屈原列传》)(4)闻妻一言,如被冰雪________(《促织》)(5)秦王复击轲,被八创________(《荆轲刺秦王》)(6)虽万被戮,岂有悔哉________(《报任安书》)答案(1)表示被动(2)通“披”,穿在身上或披在身上(3)通“披”,披散(4)覆盖(5)遭受(6)遭受4.倍(1)愿伯具言臣之不敢倍德也________(《鸿门宴》)(2)每逢佳节倍思亲________(《九月九日忆山东兄弟》)答案(1)通“背”,背叛,违背(2)越发、更加5.本(1)自言本是京城女,家在虾蟆陵下住________(《琵琶行》)(2)此之谓失其本心________(《鱼我所欲也》)(3)本自无教训,兼愧贵家子________(《孔雀东南飞》)(4)少无适俗韵,性本爱丘山________(《归园田居》)(5)盖亦反其本矣________(《齐桓晋文之事》)(6)今存其本不忍废,道中手自钞录________(《〈指南录〉后序》)答案(1)本来,原来(2)原本的(3)原本(4)本质(5)根本,基础(6)版本,底稿6.鄙(1)鄙贱之人,不知将军宽之至此也________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(2)先帝不以臣卑鄙________(《出师表》)(3)越国以鄙远,君知其难也________(《烛之武退秦师》)(4)肉食者鄙,未能远谋________(《曹刿论战》)答案(1)庸俗,浅陋,鄙俗(2)身份低微(3)把……当作边邑(4)浅陋7.兵(1)兵刃既接,弃甲曳兵而走________(《寡人之于国也》)(2)赵亦盛设兵以待秦,秦不敢动________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(3)起视四境,而秦兵又至矣________(《六国论》)(4)斯用兵之效也________(《六国论》)(5)收天下之兵,聚之咸阳________(《过秦论》)答案(1)兵器,军械(2)士兵,军队(3)军队(4)用兵策略,战略(5)兵器8.病(1)三岁余,王病,赐武马畜、服匿、穹庐________(《苏武传》)(2)相如每朝时,常称病________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(3)百年多病独登台________(《登高》)(4)余久卧病无聊,乃使人复葺南阁子________(《项脊轩志》)答案(1)患疾病(2)生病(3)疾病(4)疾病9.察(1)能张目对日,明察秋毫________(《童趣》)(2)前太守臣逵察臣孝廉,后刺史臣荣举臣秀才________(《陈情表》)(3)虽不能察,必以情________(《曹刿论战》)(4)怨灵修之浩荡兮,终不察夫民心________(《离骚》)(5)咨诹善道,察纳雅言________(《出师表》)(6)察邻国之政,无如寡人之用心者________(《寡人之于国也》)答案(1)仔细看,观察(2)察举(3)了解,弄清楚(4)体察(5)辨别清楚(6)考察10.朝(1)朝服衣冠________(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》)(2)相如每朝时,常称病________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(3)此吾祖太常公宣德间执此以朝________(《项脊轩志》)(4)强国请服,弱国入朝________(《过秦论》)(5)逮奉圣朝,沐浴清化________(《陈情表》)(6)自古逢秋悲寂寥,我言秋日胜春朝________(《秋词》)答案(1)朝(zhāo),早晨(2)上朝(3)上朝(4)朝拜(5)朝代(6)时光学生用书第64页二组11.曾(1)曾不若孀妻弱子________(《愚公移山》)(2)寻常巷陌,人道寄奴曾住________(《永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》)(3)曾益其所不能________(《生于忧患,死于安乐》)答案(1)竟然(2)曾经(3)通“增”,增加12.乘(1)因利乘便,宰割天下________(《过秦论》)(2)乘彼垝垣,以望复关________(《诗经·氓》)(3)昔人已乘黄鹤去,此地空余黄鹤楼________(《黄鹤楼》)(4)从今若许闲乘月,拄杖无时夜叩门________(《游山西村》)(5)我欲乘风归去,又恐琼楼玉宇,高处不胜寒________(《水调歌头》)(6)闲来垂钓碧溪上,忽复乘舟梦日边________(《行路难》)答案(1)趁着,凭借(2)登上(3)乘坐(4)冒着(5)坐,驾(6)乘坐13.诚(1)诚知其如此……吾不以一日辍汝而就也________(《祭十二郎文》)(2)战败而亡,诚不得已________(《六国论》)(3)诚能见可欲,则思知足以自戒________(《谏太宗十思疏》)(4)今诚以吾众诈自称公子扶苏、项燕________(《陈涉世家》)(5)此诚危急存亡之秋也________(《出师表》)答案(1)如果(2)实在,的确(3)果真,如果(4)如果(5)实在,确实14.除(1)攘除奸凶,兴复汉室________(《出师表》)(2)然则将军之仇报,而燕国见陵之耻除矣________(《荆轲刺秦王》)(3)寻蒙国恩,除臣洗马________(《陈情表》)(4)扶辇下除,触柱折辕________(《苏武传》)(5)服孝将除了也________(《窦娥冤》)(6)除了外百事不知________(《窦娥冤》)答案(1)铲除,消灭(2)消除(3)拜官授职(4)台阶(5)解除,脱下(6)副词,除外15.辞(1)今太子迟之,请辞决矣________(《荆轲刺秦王》)(2)辞曰:臣之壮也,犹不如人________(《烛之武退秦师》)(3)臣死且不避,卮酒安足辞________(《鸿门宴》)(4)念与世间辞,千万不复全________(《孔雀东南飞》)(5)大礼不辞小让________(《鸿门宴》)(6)臣等不肖,请辞去________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(7)秦王恐其破璧,乃辞谢________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(8)单于使卫律召武受辞________(《苏武传》)答案(1)辞别,告别(2)推托,推辞(3)推辞(4)告别(5)讲究,计较(6)辞别(7)辞谢,婉言道歉(8)审讯16.从(1)沛公旦日从百余骑来见项王________(《鸿门宴》)(2)臣从其计,大王亦幸赦臣________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(3)惑而不从师,其为惑也________(《师说》)(4)樊哙从良坐________(《鸿门宴》)(5)从此道至吾军不过二十里耳________(《鸿门宴》)(6)弟走从军阿姨死________(《琵琶行》)(7)合从缔交,相与为一________(《过秦论》)答案(1)使……跟随,使……随从(2)听从,顺从(3)向……学习(4)依傍(5)由,自(6)投身(7)通“纵”,合纵之策17.殆(1)知彼知己,百战不殆________(《孙子兵法》)(2)且燕赵处秦革灭殆尽之际________(《六国论》)(3)得不焚,殆有神护者________(《项脊轩志》)(4)思而不学则殆________(《论语》)答案(1)危险(2)近于,几乎(3)大概,恐怕(4)精神疲倦而无所得18.当(1)西当太白有鸟道,可以横绝峨眉巅________(《蜀道难》)(2)不久当归还,还必相迎取________(《孔雀东南飞》)(3)料大王士卒足以当项王乎________(《鸿门宴》)(4)当是时也,商君佐之________(《过秦论》)(5)念窦娥葫芦提当罪愆________(《窦娥冤》)(6)臣知欺大王之罪当诛________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(7)有狼当道,人立而啼________(《狼》)(8)一夫当关,万夫莫开________(《蜀道难》)(9)垣墙周庭,以当南日________(《项脊轩志》)答案(1)对着(2)必然,一定(3)对等,比得上(4)值,正在(5)承担(6)应当,应该(7)阻,拦(8)占据,把守(9)挡住,屏蔽19.道(1)怀其璧,从径道亡________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(2)从郦山下,道芷阳间行________(《鸿门宴》)(3)师者,所以传道受业解惑也________(《师说》)(4)赂秦而力亏,破灭之道也________(《六国论》)(5)伐无道,诛暴秦________(《陈涉世家》)(6)人道是,三国周郎赤壁________(《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》)(7)复道行空,不霁何虹?________(《阿房宫赋》)(8)于是废先王之道________(《过秦论》)答案(1)路,道路(2)取道(3)道理,规律(4)原因(5)道义(6)说,谈论(7)廊道(8)主张,思想,学说20.得(1)此言得之________(《六国论》)(2)未得与项羽相见________(《鸿门宴》)(3)吾得兄事之________(《鸿门宴》)(4)所识穷乏者得我欤________(《孟子·鱼我所欲也》)(5)古人之观于天地……鸟兽,往往有得________(《游褒禅山记》)(6)积善成德,而神明自得,圣心备焉________(《劝学》)答案(1)心得,收获(2)能够(3)要,必须(4)通“德”,感恩(5)收获(6)具备三组21.度(1)孤不度德量力,欲信大义于天下________(《隆中对》)(2)度我至军中,公乃入________(《鸿门宴》)(3)猿猱欲度愁攀援________(《蜀道难》)(4)试使山东之国与陈涉度长絜大________(《过秦论》)(5)不抚壮而弃秽兮,何不改乎此度________(《离骚》)(6)群臣惊愕,卒起不意,尽失其度________(《荆轲刺秦王》)(7)闲云潭影日悠悠,物换星移几度秋________(《滕王阁诗》)(8)秋月春风等闲度________(《琵琶行》)答案(1)揣度,衡量(2)推测,估计(3)翻越,越过(4)量,计算(5)法度(6)常态(7)量词,次、回(8)度过22.非(1)登高而招,臂非加长也________(《劝学》)(2)六国破灭,非兵不利,战不善,弊在赂秦________(《六国论》)(3)人非生而知之者,孰能无惑________(《师说》)(4)备他盗之出入与非常也________(《鸿门宴》)(5)觉今是而昨非________(《归去来兮辞》)(6)举世非之而不加沮________(《逍遥游》)答案(1)不,没有(2)不是(3)不是(4)非常:意外的变故(5)不对的,错误的(6)非难,诋毁,毁谤23.复(1)使秦复爱六国之人________(《阿房宫赋》)(2)呜呼!师道之不复,可知矣________(《师说》)(3)明年复攻赵,杀二万人________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(4)山重水复疑无路________(《游山西村》)(5)复道行空,不霁何虹________(《阿房宫赋》)(6)愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效________(《出师表》)答案(1)又(2)恢复(3)再,又(4)往复(5)复叠,重复(6)复兴24.负(1)颁白者不负戴于道路矣________(《