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本科学生毕业设计基于多传感器的智能火灾报警系统设计院部名称：专业班级：学生姓名：指导教师：李静职称：讲师黑龙江工程学院二○一二年六月TheGraduationDesignforBachelor'sDegreeDesignofIntelligenceAutomaticFireAlarmBasedonMultisenorCandidate：Specialty：Measurement-ControlTechnologyandInstrumentationClass：Supervisor：Lecturer.LIJingHeilongjiangInstituteofTechnology2012-06·Harbin黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计Ⅰ摘要基于单片机技术和多传感器技术开发设计了一套火灾自动报警系统。设计内容包括软件系统和硬件系统。系统的软件部分包括主程序、按键、温度气体浓度采集、和数码管显示子程序；硬件包括四个部分：单片机最小系统、温度气体浓度检测电路、显示电路和报警电路。选用最常用的AT89S52单片机作为控制处理器，对所采集的数据进行处理；采用DS18B20数字温度传感器将温度信号直接转换成数字信号，传递给单片机；选用MQ-2型半导体可燃气体敏感元件烟雾传感器实现烟雾浓度的检测；MQ-2型半导体烟雾传感器电路简单，成本低，同时可设置温度报警值，实现声光报警。CPS3641BR数码管具有灵敏度高、响应快、抗干扰能力强等优点，而且价格低廉，使用寿命长。该火灾自动报警系统结构简单、性能稳定、使用方便、价格低廉，具有一定的实用价值。关键词：单片机；温度传感器；烟雾传感器；火灾自动报警；结构简单黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计IIABSTRACTWedevelopmentanddesignasetofautomaticfirealarmsystembasedonmicrocontrollertechnologyandsensortechnology.Thisdesigncontainsoftwaresystemandhardwaresystem.Thesoftwareincludemainprogram,key,collectingoftemperaturegasconcentration,subroutineofLEDdisplay.Hardwaresystemincludemicrocontrollerunitsystem,detectioncircuitryoftemperaturegasconcentration,displayingcircuitsandalarmingcircuits.ThissystemchoseAT89S52asthecontrolprocessorandhandlewithcollectingdates.ThissystemchosedigitaltemeperaturesensorDS18B20totransformtemperaturesignaltodigitalsignalandconveyittomicrocontrollerunit.ThissystemchosesemiconductorflammablegassensitivecomponentssensorMQ-2realizethetestingofthedensityoffog.ThecircuitsofsemiconductorsmokesensorMQ-2aresimpleandlowcost.Atthesametimeitcansetpanicvalueandrealizeaudibleandvisualalarm.NixietubeCPS3641BRhasthemeritofhighsensitivity,fastresponse,anti-interferencecapability.Andthepriceischip,thelifetimeislong.Thisautomaticfirealarmsystemhasalotofmeritssuchas,simplestructure,stableperformance,convenienttouse,lowcost,havingpracticalvalueandsoon.Keywords:MicrocontrollerUnit;Temperaturesensor;Smokesensor;Automaticfirealarmingsystem;Simplestructure黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计目录摘要.............................................................................................................................IIAbstract.......................................................................................................................II第1章引言..............................................................................................................11.1智能火灾报警器设计的目的和意义..............................................................11.2智能火灾报警器的国内外发展情况..............................................................21.3本设计研究的主要内容..................................................................................2第2章多传感器的智能火灾报警系统总体方案设计...............................42.1系统的基本方案..............................................................................................42.2主控芯片的选择..............................................................................................42.3传感器的选择...................................................................................................52.3.1温度传感器的选择................................................................................52.3.2烟雾传感器的选择................................................................................52.4ADC芯片选择的论证.....................................................................................62.5显示电路的选择论证......................................................................................62.6整体方案..........................................................................................................72.7本章小结..........................................................................................................7第3章多传感器的智能火灾报警系统的硬件设计...................................93.1AT89S52单片机简介.......................................................................................93.2AT89S52单片机的最小系统电路及其引脚功能说明...................................93.3温度采集电路................................................................................................113.3.1DS18B20的介绍..................................................................................113.3.2温度传感器DS18B20的主要特点....................................................113.3.3温度传感器DS18B20的引脚图和封装及引脚功能说明................123.3.4DS18B20供电方式..............................................................................123.3.5温度采集模块......................................................................................133.4气体浓度采集电路........................................................................................133.4.1MQ-2传感器介绍................................................................................133.4.2MQ-2传感器的特性及主要技术指标................................................14黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计3.4.3气体采集模块......................................................................................143.5ADC0832转换器...........................................................................................153.5.1ADC0832转换器介绍.........................................................................153.5.2AD0832转换器各引脚功能................................................................153.6报警电路设计.............................................