中国文化-长城-ppt新

TheGreatWall张莉宋亚妮NodiscussionaboutChinesecultureiscompletewithoutmentionoftheGreatWall.AspirationforPeaceSeparationandIntegrationSpiritoftheGreatWallWonderoftheGreatWallInthenorthofChina,thereliesa6,700-kilometer-long(4,161-mile-long)ancientwall.Nowwell-knownastheGreatWallofChina,itstartsattheJiayuguanPassofGansuProvinceinthewestandendsattheShanhaiguanPassofHebeiProvinceintheeast.AsoneoftheEightWondersintheworld,theGreatWallofChinahasbecomethesymboloftheChinesenationThroughmorethan2,000yearsfromtheseventhcenturyBCtothe16thcenturyAD,19dynastiesbuiltpartsoftheGreatWall,addinguptoover100,000kilometers.ThreemajorrenovationsoftheGreatWallQin(221-206BC)Han(206BC-AD220)Ming(1368-1644)ThepresentGreatWallinBeijingismainlyremainsfromtheMingDynasty(1368-1644).Tostrengthenthemilitarycontrolofthenorthernfrontiers,theMingauthoritiesdividedtheGreatWallintoninezonesandplacedeachunderthecontrolofaZhen.TheShanhaiguanPassandtheJiayuguanPassaretwowell-preservedpassesateitherend.DuringthereignoftheFirstEmperorofQin(246-210BC),oneoutofevery20peopletookpartintheproject•WhydidtheChinesebuildtheGreatWall?FromtheQinDynastyonwards,Xiongnu,anancienttribethatlivedinNorthChina,frequentlyharassedthenorthernborderofthecountry.AspirationforpeaceTheearliestpartsoftheGreatWallwerebuiltamidincessantwars.Sufferingfromthedevastatingdamageofwars,peoplerealizedthatbuildingawalltoprotectliveswasbetterthanburyingthedeadintrenches.ThustheGreatWallwasbuiltwiththebasicgoalofsafeguardingpeace.TheGreatWallcertainlyservedthepurposesofthemilitarydefenseintheageofcoldsteel,especiallyinpreventingnorthernpeoplesonhorsebackfromattackingpeopleinthesouthwhoweremostlyengagedinfarming.SeparationandIntegration•ThegeographicstructureandclimaticpatternsofChinahasledtothedevelopmentoftwodistinctculturesfromancienttimes.northpastorallandcoldclimateanimalhusbandrysoutharablelandwarmclimateagricultureSeparationandIntegration•Thelimitedandunstableoutputofanimalhusbandrymadeitnecessaryforthenorthernpeoplestodependontheagriculturalgoodsofthesouthernpeoples.Historically,invasionsofthesouthbynomadicpeoplesofthenorthwereoftenmoreoutofnecessitythanthedesireforexpansion.SeparationandIntegration•FromtheQinofmorethan2,000yearsagotothelaterdynasties,thenorthernpeopleswhoofteninvadedthesouthincludedtheXianyun,theHun,theTujue,theHuihe,theQidan,theNvzhen,andtheMongolian.•Inthisway,theGreatWallseparatedthepeoplesofthesouthandthenorth.SeparationandIntegration•TheWallprotectedtheagriculturaleconomyandadvancedthemodeofproductioninthesouth.Atthesametime,itforcedthenorthernpeoplestogiveupplunderingthesouthandtodeveloptheirowncivilization.Thislaidthefoundationforlaterexchangeandcommunicationbetweenthesouthernandnortherncultures.SeparationandIntegration•Dr.SunYat-sen(1866-1925),wholedtheRevolutionof1911thatoverthrewtheQingDynasty(1616-1911),said,Seenfromtoday,ifithadnotbeenfortheprotectionoftheGreatWall,ChinesecivilizationwouldhavebeeninterruptedbythenorthernpeoplesinthelateQinorearlyHandynasties,longbeforetheSongandMingdynasties.Inthatcase,therewouldbenothavebeentheprosperityoftheHanandTangdynasties,ortheintegrationofsouthernandnorthernpeoples.SeparationandIntegration•Intime,economiczonescameintobeingalongtheGreatWall,especiallyatitsseveraldozenpasses,wherepeoplefrombothsidescarriedouteconomicandculturalexchanges.SpiritoftheGreatWallNumerouspeoplehadtoleavetheirhomesandfamiliestogonorth,wheretheytoiledforyears.Manylosttheirlivesontheworksites.LadyMengjiangnext传说很久以前江苏松江府有个孟家庄，孟家庄有一老汉善种葫芦。这一年他种的葫芦长得非常繁盛，其中一棵竟伸到了邻居姜家院里。孟、姜两家非常交好，于是便相约秋后结了葫芦一家一半。到了秋天，果然结了一个大葫芦，孟、姜两家非常高兴，把葫芦摘下来准备分享。忽听葫芦里传出一阵阵小孩的哭声，孟老汉非常奇怪，便用刀把葫芦切开一看，呀！有个小女孩端坐在葫芦中，红红的脸蛋，圆嘟嘟的小嘴，很是惹人喜爱。姜家老婆婆一看，喜欢的不得了，一把抱起来说：“这孩子就给我吧！”可是孟老汉无儿无女，非要不可，两家争执起来，一时间不可开交。到后来，只好请村里的长者来断。长者说：“你们两家已约定葫芦一家一半，那么这葫芦里的孩子就算你们两家合养吧。”于是小姑娘便成了姜孟两家的掌上明珠，因孟老汉无儿无女，便住在了孟家，取名孟姜女。孟姜女名字的由来LadyMengjiangLadyMengjianglivedduringthereignoftheFirstEmperorofQin.AfterherhusbandwasrecruitedtobuildtheGreatWall,shemissedhimsomuchthatshetraveledmanymilestoseehim.Whenshefinallyarrivedattheconstructionsite,afellowcountrymantoldherthatherhusbandhaddiedandwasburieedundertheWall.AheartbrokenLadyMengjiangcriedforthreedaysandnightsunitl,legendhasit,theGreatWallcollapsedonesectionafteranother.孟姜女庙的长联解读：海水朝朝朝朝朝朝朝落(朝有时作潮)hǎishuǐcháozhāozhāocháozhāocháozhāoluò浮云长长长长长长长消(长有时作常)(长有时作涨)fúyúnzhǎngchángchángzhǎngchángzhǎngchángxiāo一字双音和通假借读对联名闻天下ThelegendofLadyMengjiang2.expressedtheirhatred（憎恨）forthetyrannical（暴虐，独裁）FirstEmperorofQin1.representsthesufferingsofthepeopleIsthisacondemnationoftheGreatWallBecausethepeoplehadnoreasontoresentthisdefensiveworkthatprotectedthem.No•TheGreatWallhasbecomeasymbolofconsolidationandstrengthfortheChinesepeople.•Itsymbolizesthatgreatachievementcanbemadewithacommonwillandconcertedeffort.WonderoftheGreatWallItconsistsofdifferentpartswithdifferentdefensivepurposes.blockhousetheGreatWallbeacontowersgarrisontownsTheSimataisection司马台•NearBeijing•IntheMingDynasty•Bestrepresentstheundulating（波动的）andrhythmicflowoftheGreatWall•Mostprecipitous(陡峭)partoftheGreatWallThemos