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26个英文字母元音12个单元音长元音[i:][ә:][a:][ɔ:][u:]短元音[i][ә][Λ][ɔ][u][e][æ]8个双元音[ei][ai][ɔi][au][әu][iә][eә][uә]辅音10对清辅音[p][t][k][f][s][∫][θ][t∫][tr][ts]浊辅音[b][d][g][v][z][3][ð][d3][dr][dz]3个鼻音(浊辅音)[m][n][η]3个似拼音(清辅音)[h][r](浊辅音)[l]2个半元音(浊辅音)[w][j]宾格meyouhimherusyouthemLesson21Whickbook?A:Givemeabookplease,Jane.B:Whichbook?A:Thisone?B:No,notthatone.Theredone.A:Thisone?B:Yes,please.A:Hereyouare.B:Thankyou.特殊疑问词：what/when/where/why/how祈使句him/her/us/them=giveabooktome省略句。（Whichbookdoyouwant?）省略句。（Doyouwantthisone?）=Thisbook?=Thatredbook.Yes,plesegiveme.GivemeabookpleaseWhichonenotredoneHereyouareThankyoucoat/bluedress/bluepen/redpencil/blackshirt/greycase/browntie/orangehandbag/greenbluse/whitehat/greyandblackskirt/greydog/whiteandbrown名词变复数(有规律)1.直接加s清辅音后读[s]，如book-books,map-maps.浊辅音后读[z]，如pen-pens,bag-bags.元音后读[z]，如boy-boys,day-days.2.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的加es,读[ɪz]，如bus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches.3.以f或fe结尾的多变f或fe为v,加es,读[vz]，如knife-knives,live-lives.少数不变，直接加s，如roof-roofs，读[s].4.辅音加y结尾，y改i,加es,读[z]，country-countries,(carry-carries).5.元音加y结尾，直接加s,读[z]，如day-days,boy-boys.6.辅音加o结尾，加es,读[z]，如tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes,hero-heroes.(元音加o，直接加s如kangroo-kangroos,zoo-zoos)名词变复数(无规律)man-menwoman-womenfoot-feettooth-teeth等