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英语简单句五种基本句型A:词类及基本用法练习:翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型1.太阳从东方升起来了。2.她喜欢看书。3.他的脸红了。4.我给他看我的照片。5.他们把门漆成绿色。Thesunhasrisenintheeast.Sheenjoysreading.Hisfaceturnedred.Ishowedhimmypictures.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.英语句子长短简繁不一，表面上似乎难以捉摸，但可以从实质上发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。即可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋谓/系＋表）基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）基本句型四:Ｓ+Ｖ+InO+DＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五:Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+OＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）英语简单句五种基本句型B:五种句型基本句型一Ｓ(subject)+V(verb)（主＋谓）特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等,不及物动词不直接加宾语，一般没被动。e.g.Hiswordsworks.SV•常见的不及物动词：•Agree,appear出现,arrive,come,go,dance,die,act,dream,exist存在,graduate毕业,happen,lie躺，leave,last持续，live,look,listen,rise升起，run,sit,stand站，stay待，留，work,wait等待.•造句：：•Iagree.•Iagreewithyou.基本句型二Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做(连)系动词。系动词可分四类：1）be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用,后可接动词外的任何词；2）感官动词类look,feel,smell,taste,sound等+adj.3）表示变化：get,grow,become,turn,go,come,run,fall等4）表示状态延续：stay,keep,prove,turnout,remain,5）表像连系动词：seem,appear,+adj.+adj.SV(link--V.)P1.ThisisanEnglishdictionary.2.Everythinglooksdifferent.3.Theweatherbecomescooler.4.Heseems(tobe)verysad.5.Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.6.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.7.Therumorprovedfalse.8.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.9.Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.10.Thismatterremainsamystery.11.Therestandsanoldtempleonthetopofthehill.基本句型三Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。e.g.Welikethemovie.SVoSV(Vt.)O1.她经常帮她妈妈。Sheoftenhelpshermother.2.我想要一杯茶。Iwantacupoftea.常见及物动词：admire羡慕,admit,affect影响，afford买得起,break打破,defeat打败,destroy破坏,devote致力,enjoy,discover发现,explain解释,forget,raise举起，饲养。造句：Iadmiremymotherverymuch.Ican’taffordthecaranymore.Canyouexplainittome?基本句型四Ｓ+Ｖ+InO+DＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常可改为S+V+DO+prep.+InOe.g.Shegavemeanapple.=Shegaveanappletome.SV(Vt.)InODO1.Shepassedhimanewdress.2.John告诉我他的想法。Johntoldmehisidea.常见的加双宾的及物动词有：与to连用：Give,hand,lend,offer,pass递,show,teach,tell,wish,write。Passmethedictionary=Passthedictionarytome.Heofferedtheoldmanhisseat.=??与for连用：Buy,book预订,cook,purchase购买，order订购,Find,make制作：Ibookedhimtwotickets.=Ibookedtwoticketsforme.Mymothermademeanewdress.=?Thewaiterfoundusanemptyroom.基本句型五Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+OＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。判断原则：能表达成—宾语是…/做…e.g.Wemadehimthemanager.SVOOCSV(Vt.)OOC1.Wekeepthetableclean.2.Isawthemgettingonthebus.3.他让我马上回来。Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.加宾补的动词：1、使役动词：make+O+adj/n/do/done,have+O+do/doing/done,let+O+do/done,get+O+adj/todo/doing/done,(keep+O+adj,drive+O+adj驱使,leave+O+doing/done,find+O+adj/doing/done)2、感官动词：feel,hear,listento,lookat,see,watch,notice,observe,+O+do/doing/done(加do时注意其被动形式还原to),catch+sb+doing.3、加宾语再加todo作宾补的动词：force,get,advise,allow,ask,cause,command,encourage,expect,forbid,intend,invite,order命令,permit,persuade,prefer,remind,teach,tell,urge敦促,want,wish,warn.eg:Imustgetthewashingmachinerepaired.Thenoisealmostdrovememad.Don’tkeepthewindowopen.IfoundithardtospeakFrenchfluently.Don’tleavethechildstandingoutsideforsolong.Whenhewokeuphefoundtheworldoutsidechanged.Ioftenheardthissongsungbyyoungpeople.Heisoftenheardtosingthissonginhisroom.Thepoorlittleboywasmadetoworkfromdawntodark.Wecaughttheyoungmanstealingabikeinfrontoftheshop.Herparentsforbadehertogethometoolateintheevening.Pleaseremindmetocallhimwhenthemeetingisover.•1.Plantsneedwater.S+V+O(主+谓+宾)•2.Theflowerissofresh.S+V+P(主+系+表)•3.Theyworkhard.S+V(主+谓)•4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.S+V+InO+DO(主+谓+直宾+间宾)•5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)•6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.S+V(主+谓)基本句型的扩展:e.g.Wefoundthehallfull.我们发现礼堂坐满了。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。madebyacomradefromthePeople'sDailyoncurrentaffairsinEastEurope._________________同一个动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以get为例：He'sgettingangry.(SVP)You'llgetasurprise.(SVO)Hegothisshoesandsockswet.(SVOC)在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:Ifoundthebookeasily.我很容易地找到了这本书。(SVO）Ifoundthebookeasy.我觉得这本书很容易。（SVOC）各种词类及其在句子中的作用：1.Nouns(n.)名词：-----主语(S)，宾语(O)，表语(P)等2.Verbs(v.)动词----谓语(V)（vt.及物动词/vi.不及物动词）3.Pronouns（pron.)代词：----主语，宾语，表语等e.g.Katehasapiano.Shelikesitverymuch.____S___V_______O___S___V__O4.Adjectives(adj.)形容词：----定语(At.)表语（P）e.g.Theovercoatisverybeautiful.Thisisaverybeautifulovercoat.5.Adverbs(adv.)副词：------状语（Ad.)6.Numerals(num.)数词：------定语，表语，主语等e.g.25(desks)______(be)enough.7.Articles(art.)冠词：一般不单独构成句子成分(At.)(P)is8.Prepositions(prep.)介词（in,at,on,…)prep.+n.介词短语-----状语(Ad.),表语等e.g.Wecanseethebikeunderthetree.9.Conjunctions(conj.)连词(and,or,but,so…)一般不构成成分，仅起连接作用10.Interjections(interj.)感叹词(ah,oh,yeah…)一般不构成成分，起加强语气作用按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：简单句，并列句，复合句e.g.1)Theteacher’snameisSmith.2)Theteacher’snameisSmithandthestudent’snameisJohn.3)HeisSmithwholikesgoinghiking.--4)HeisSmithandhelikesgoinghiking.5)Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.6)IsawhimwhenIwalkedpastthestreet.7)Heoften