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mathematics数学biology生物physics物理chemistry化学biochemistry生物化学geology地质学astronomy天文学oceanography海洋学meteorology气象学seismology地震学environmentalscience环境科学ecology生态学metrology计量学electronics电子学electronicengineering电子工程computerscience计算科学archaeology考古学psychology心理学linguistics语言学introductiontoliterature文学入门history历史学anthropology人类学economics经济学statistics统计学accounting会计学philosophy哲学architecture建筑学sociology社会学ethics伦理学logic逻辑学aesthetics美学demography人口统计学1.ASTRONOMY天文学astronomical天文的astronomer天文学家astrophysics天文物理学astrology占星学deviate偏离cosmos(universe)宇宙cosmology宇宙学infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的celestial天的celestialbody(heavenlybody)天体celestialglobe天球仪terrestrial…地球的，地球仪celestialnavigation(astronavigation)天文导航stellar星的nebula(复数nebulaenebulas)星云nebular(nebulous)星云的；星云状的dwarfstar矮星constellation星座planisphere平面天球图,星座图galaxy(MilkyWay)银河系observable可观察到的cluster星团solar太阳的solarsystem太阳系solarcorona日冕solarradiation太阳辐射planet行星planetoid(asteroid)小行星revolve旋转；绕转twinkle闪烁nakedeye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星orbit轨道spin旋转satellite卫星lunar月球的meteor流星meteorshower流星雨meteoroid流星体meteorite陨石comet彗星space(outerspace)太空/外层空间spacecraft(spaceship)宇宙飞船spacecapsule宇宙飞船座舱；航天舱spacelab太空实验室spaceman(astronaut;cosmonaut)宇航员；航天员spacesuit宇航服；航天服spaceshuttle航天飞机spacetelescope空间望远镜2.GEOGRAPHY地理geographer地理学家hemisphere半球northernandsouthernhemispheres北半球和南半球easternandwesternhemispheres东半球和西半球parallel平行圈；纬线latitude纬度temperatelatitudes温带地区longitude经度horizon地平线equator赤道Tropics热带地区Arctic北极Antarctic(Antarctica)南极expedition探险zone气候带timezone时区topography地形plain平原lowland低地basin盆地cavern(cave)洞穴terrain地域subterranean(underground)地底下coastland沿海地区island岛屿continentalisland地陆岛coralisland珊瑚岛islet小岛peninsular半岛continent大陆continentalshelf大陆架ranges山脉valley峡谷canyon(谷底有溪涧流过的)峡谷channel(strait)海峡gulf海湾survey测绘elevation海拔altitude高度remote-sensing遥感的terrestrial地球的；陆地的globeterrestrialheat(geothermal;heatoftheearth’sinterior)地热terrestrialmagnetism地磁(geomagnetism)地磁3.GEOLOGY地质学geologist(geologician)地质学家geologicage(geologicaltime)地质时代geochronology地质年代学geoscience(earthscience)地球科学crust地壳continentalcrust大陆地壳oceaniccrust海洋地壳layer(stratum;复数strata)地层mantle地幔core地核plate板块platetectonics板块构造论fault断层disintegration(decomposition)分解erosion侵蚀fossil化石rock岩石sedimentaryrock沉积岩metamorphicrock变质岩quartz石英limestone石灰岩marble大理石granite花岗岩magma岩浆prospect勘探sounding测探mine采矿mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床platinum白金；铂copper黄铜aluminum铝zine锌nickel镍mercury(quicksilver)汞；水银gem宝石diamond钻石emerald绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacialepoch(age,period)冰川期glacialdrift冰碛iceberg冰山(ice)sheet冰原；冰盖frigid(refrigerated;freezing)寒冷的thaw(melt)融化retreat后退terminate(end)结束volcano火山activevolcano活火山extinctvolcano死火山eruption火山喷发crater火山口lava火山岩浆scoria火山渣volcanic火山的earthquake(quake;tremor;seism)地震seismology地震学hypocenter(focus)震源(earthquake;seismic;shock)wave地震波cataclysm灾变4.ECOLOGY生态学ecological生态的ecologist生态学家ecosystem生态系统balance(ofnature)自然界生态平衡ecosphere(biosphere)生态圈ecocide生态灭绝preservation（对自然区等的）保护fauna动物群flora植物群rainforest雨林foodchain食物链environment环境environmental环境的environmentalist环境保护主义者acidrain酸雨greenhouseeffect温室效应ozonelayer(ozonosphere)臭氧层ultravioletradiation紫外线辐射pollution污染pollution-free无污染pollutant污染物noxious(toxic)有毒的fumes(有毒)废气waste废物wasteheat废热wastewater废水solidwaste固体垃圾sewage(wastewater)污水domesticsewage生活污水sewageplant污水处理工厂abate(reduce)减少abound大量存在补充：airmonitoring空气监测alternativen.二中择一,可供选择的办法,事物adj.选择性的,二中择一的atmosphere大气,空气,气氛balance(ofnature)自然界生态平衡carbon碳,(一张)复写纸dioxide二氧化物coal.煤v.加煤coalification煤化deforest滥伐森林desertification沙漠化deteriorate恶化disposal废物处理drought干旱ecologist生态学家ecosystem生态系统solarenergy太阳能tidalenergy潮汐能fuel-efficient节能型的nonrenewable不可再生的foodchain食物链flood洪水fossilfuel矿物燃料fuel-efficient节能型的garbage垃圾,废物gas气体,煤气,毒气,汽油,[矿]瓦斯globalwarminggreenhouseeffect温室效应litter/trashgarbage垃圾long-termclimaticchange长期的气候变化melt融化noisepollution噪音污染non-renewable不可更新的noxious(toxic)有毒的ozonelayer(ozonosphere)臭氧层preservation保存purify净化rainforest雨林recycle回收利用rushhour高峰期soilpollution土壤污染solarenergy太阳能solidwaste固体废物tidalenergy潮汐能trafficjam交通堵塞trashbag垃圾袋ultravioletradiation紫外线辐射upperatmosphere上层大气waste废物wastewater废水waterpollution水污染watershortage水源缺乏wildness野生/天然zeroemission零辐射5.BIOLOGY生物evolution进化Darwinism达尔文学说species物种specimen样本，标本naturalselection自然选择biologicalvacuum生物演变真空期survival生存block;obstruct阻碍reverse逆向；倒退alga(复数algae)藻类invertebrate无脊椎动物aquatic(life)水生动物reptile爬行动物amphibian(amphibiousanimal)两栖动物dinosaur恐龙bird鸟类extinction灭绝mammal哺乳动物primates灵长目动物class纲order目family科genus属suborder亚目species种insect昆虫antenna(复数antennae)触须larva幼虫，幼体camouflage伪装pest害虫worm虫，蠕虫hibernate冬眠lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色蜥蜴regeneration再生turtle龟beast野兽domesticate驯养predatory(carnivorous)食肉的predator捕食者prey（动词）捕食migrate迁移wing翅膀，翼bill（鸟）嘴beak（鹰等的）嘴nest筑巢dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼bat蝙蝠gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩habitat栖息地rodent啮齿动物（如松鼠）primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster对虾crab螃蟹clam蛤蜊coral珊瑚canary金丝雀chirp(鸟，虫的叫声)唧唧sloth树懒slothful懒惰的parasite寄生虫moth蛾caterpillar毛虫hordes(昆虫等)群swarms(昆虫等)群flock（鸟，羊等）群herd兽群bunch（花等）束，捧community动物的群落或人的部落trapper诱捕动物者oyster牡蛎fertilizer使…受精larvae幼虫