托福强化课件1——词汇

明东教育刘东明每篇文章后3~5个题Theword/phraseXinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto___InstatingX,theauthormeansthat___ThephraseXinthepassagerefersto___词汇题认识直接解题沾边就算abandoned-left注意：一词多义词性转化熟词僻意注意：1.词性发生变化2.一词多义（从根义出发）‘fine’Singaporeisa‘fine’country.举例：OG115Itisthoughtthatthesegrooveshelptochannelwaterthroughthemouthandoutthegillslits,therebyreducingwaterresistance.○reduce○remove○direct○provide规律：单词的拼写不变而词性发生转变时单词语义通常变化但仍与原来词性有某种联系单词不认识的做题方法：上下文同义上下文反义其它逻辑关系词根词缀1.上下文同义例1：TPO3-3-1Plantcommunitiesassemblethemselvesflexibly,andtheirparticularstructuredependsonthespecifichistoryofthearea.○natural○final○specific○complex例2：TPO1-2-1Themostwidelyacceptedtheory,championedbyanthropologistsinthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies,envisionstheaterasemergingoutofmythandritual.○changed○debated○created○supported例3：官方模考题-6TheexplosionisalsocalculatedtohaveproducedvastquantitiesofnitricacidandmeltedrockthatsprayedoutovermuchofEarth,startingwidespreadfiresthatmusthaveconsumedmostterrestrialforestsandgrassland.○changed○exposed○destroyed○covered技巧：解释说明1.破折号，冒号，括号2.同位语，从句3.举例，类比例1：TPO7-2-10TheRomangeniuswasprojectedintonewspheres–especiallyintothoseoflaw,militaryorganization,administration,andengineering.○abilities○areas○combinations○models例2：TPO4-2-5Thesubjectsofthepaintingsaremostlyanimals.Thepaintingsrestonbarewalls,withnobackdropsorenvironmentaltrappings.○conditions○problems○influences○decorations例3：TPO10-2-5Whattheproxyrecordsmakeabundantlyclearisthattherehavebeensignificantnaturalchangesintheclimateovertimescaleslongerthanafewthousandyears.Equallystriking,however,istherelativestabilityoftheclimateinthepast10,000years(theHoloceneperiod).○noticeable○confusing○true○unlikely平行排比同义关系Theconsistencyoftheclaywascrucial;itwaspoundedmeticulouslyandmixedwithwatertomakeitentirelyevenintexture.Bycarefulkneading,thepotterremovedtheairbubblesandmadetheclayasplasticaspossible.(A)heavily(B)initially(C)carefully(D)completely例1：TPO6-2-5In1815hepublishedthefirstmoderngeologicalmap‘AMapoftheStrataofEnglandandWaleswithaPartofScotland’,mapsometiculouslyresearchedthatitcanstillbeusedtoday．○carefully○quickly○frequently○obviously例2：OG44Intheanimalworldthetaskofmovingaboutisfulfilledinmanyways.Forsomeanimalslocomotionisaccomplishedbychangesinbodyshape.○evolution○movement○survival○escapeAbsenteeismandlatenesshurtproductivityand,sinceworkwasspecialized,disruptedtheregularfactoryroutine.○prolonged○established○followed○upset例3：OG103.3例4：TPO3-1-2Buildingscontributetohumanlifewhentheyprovideshelter,enrichspace,complementtheirsite,suittheclimate,andareeconomicallyfeasible.○inexistence○withoutquestion○achievable○mostlikely例5：TPO4-1-10Thecausesofthispopulationreboundareconsequencesofotherhumanactions.○decline○recovery○exchange○movementWildlifezoologistHulmutBuechner(1953),inreviewingthenatureofbioticchangesinWashingtonthroughrecordedtime,saysthat‘sincetheearly1940s,thestatehashadmoredeerthanatanyothertimeinitshistory,thewinterpopulationfluctuatingaroundapproximately320,000deer(muleandblack-taileddeer),whichwillyieldabout65,000ofeithersexandanyageannuallyforanindefiniteperiod.’2.上下文反义反义关系Anasazihouseswereoriginallybuiltinpitsandwereenteredfromtheroof.Butaroundtheyear700A.D.,theAnasazibegantobuildtheirhomesabovegroundandjointhemtogetherintoramblingmultistoriedcomplexes,whichtheSpanishcalledpueblosorvillages.(A)stages(B)scars(C)seeds(D)holes例1：OG243Joyandsadnessareexperiencedbypeopleinallculturesaroundtheworld,buthowcanwetellwhenotherpeoplearehappyordespondent?○curious○unhappy○thoughtful○uncertain例2：TPO4-2Wemightexpectthatearlyartisticeffortswouldbecrude,butthecavepaintingsofSpainandsouthernFranceshowamarkeddegreeofskill.considerablesurprisinglimitedadequate例3：OG347Theyareallherbivores(plant-eatinganimals),andtheyallappeartobelivingonthesamedietofgrasses,herbs,andsmallbushes.Thisappearance,however,isillusory.○definite○illuminating○misleading○exceptional例4：TPO6-3-2Howmightthisinabilitytorecallearlyexperiencesbeexplained?Thesheerpassageoftimedoesnotaccountforit;adultshaveexcellentrecognitionofpicturesofpeoplewhoattendedhighschoolwiththem35yearsearlier.Anotherseeminglyplausibleexplanation–thatinfantsdonotformenduringmemoriesatthispointindevelopment–alsoisincorrect.○flexible○believable○debatable○predictable例5：TPO8-3-1Theseflowfeaturesareextensivesystems—sometimeshundredsofkilometersintotallength—ofinterconnecting,twistingchannelsthatseemtomergeintolarger,widerchannels.○expand○separate○straightenout○combine3.其它逻辑关系技巧：动宾搭配答案代入例1：在线测试3-2Largewindfarmscanbebuiltinsixmonthstoayearandtheneasilyexpandedasneeded.Withamoderatetofairlyhighnetenergyyield,thesesystemsemitnoheat-trappingcarbondioxideorotherairpollutantsandneednowaterforcooling;manufacturingthemproduceslittlewaterpollution.○use○require○release○destroy例2：OG92-4Childrennormallydesiretoventaggressiveimpulsesonotherpeople,includingtheirparents,becauseeventhemostattentiveparentscannotgratifyalloftheirdemandsimmediately.○identify○modify○satisfy○simplify技巧：单词的感情色彩TPO4-3-11Offshoreplatform