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高考英语专题复习七选五命题目的：主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。短文特点卷别年份长度体裁题材I卷2017268记叙记叙作者露营态度的转变2016258说明介绍密码的三种类型2015272说明如何重建信任考点分析卷别Ⅰ卷年份201720162015主旨段落标题主题句37,3937,3838,39段中过渡句(句际关系)顺承关系39因果关系37举例关系卷别Ⅰ卷年份201720162015主旨总分关系转折关系36,384040段中过渡句(句际关系)并列排比36重述解释对立关系36段末总结句40四.试题基本类型：主旨大意题和细节分析题五.解题的基本步骤：（一）通读全文及选项，理清文章结构及脉络文章结构：（1）议论文和说明文基本结构类型△▽◇（2）记叙文注意时间和空间顺序（二）先易后难确定选项（三）复读检查，代入核对六、基本解题思路以信息重现或相关和信息之间的逻辑关系为依据来确定选项。七、七选五阅读主要解题技巧（一）信息重现和相关类(1)信息重现(词语复现/同畴同现)①词语复现：就是空格前、后句中与正确选项中含有相同的一个或几个词，叫原词或同词复现；如果前后句与选项中虽然没有相同的词，但有同义表达，叫同义复现。如：(2017全国Ⅱ卷)Interruptionsareoneoftheworstthingstodealwithwhileyou’retryingtogetworkdone.36,thereareseveralwaystohandlethings.Let’stakealookatthemnow.解析：根据空格后的逗号可知，空格处应选一个从句，再根据后文中提到的几种避免在工作中被打扰的方法，选项中的interruption与第一句中的interruption为原词复现可知，答案选B项。A.Ifyou’rebusy,don’tfeelbadaboutsayingnoB.Whenyouwanttoavoidinterruptionsatwork应选一个从句原词复现解析：与空后句中的ingredients(配料),pancakes(薄煎饼)可能同时出现的，只有选项A中的cook，故选A项(鼓励孩子跟你一起烹饪)。(2014全国Ⅰ卷)Yourchildrenneedtobedeeplycurious.37Askkids,“Whatingredients(配料)canweaddtomakethesepancakesevenbetternexttime?”A.Encouragekidstocookwithyou.C.Wecangivekidschancestothinkaboutmaterialsinnewways.词语同现(2)结构重现解析：分析语境可知，该处仍在谈论密码本，由此可锁定A项，该句与空后一句结构相同，可确定为答案。(2016全国Ⅰ卷)Themessage“bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme.”40______A________However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.二.把握句际的逻辑关系1.主旨大意类（总→分分→总因→果）（1）主题句（段首或段末）据“分”“总”。(2017全国Ⅲ卷)…Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.Hereishowtomakeone.●37Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyit’simportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?Onceyouareclearaboutyourreason,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake.A.Getasleepspecialist.B.Findtherightmotivation.动机总论解析：该句“找到正确的动机”是该段的总论，下文中提到的“与家人共进早餐，做晨练，或者为今天的工作做好准备”都是为早晨起床所找的理由，即起床的动机，故答案为B项。(总—分关系)（2）结论句（段末或文章最后一段）常用词语有：inshort,inbelief,insummary,inaword,onthewhole,inconclusion....Thesestepsaren’tmagic,buttheydowork.Andifyoucanstaypositiveasyoumakeyourwaythroughatoughtime,you’llhelpyourselffeelbetterevenfaster37C.Differentpeoplefeelstressindifferentways.D．Ah,itfeelssogoodwhenthestressisgone.解析：根据Andifyoucanstaypositiveasyoumakeyourwaythroughatoughtime,you’llhelpyourselffeelbetterevenfaster.如果你再经历困苦的时候保持乐观的态度，你就会感觉好得多。等到压力消失的时候感觉就好了，故选D。（3）小标题（段首，短小精悍）Itstartswithlookinginsideyourselfandunderstandingwhoyouarewithrespecttothenaturalworldandhowyouapproachthegardeningprocess.●37Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料).18.However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.●Recall(回忆)yourchildhoodmemoriesOurmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.A.KnowwhyyougardenB.Findagoodplaceforyourowngarden解析：A根据本段最后一句However，thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden．Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears．“然而，有很多能解释你为什么想做园艺的原因”可知我们首先要搞清楚为什么要做园艺，故选A．二.把握句际的逻辑关系2.细节分析类（1）分述类●YouareaspecialpersonacloneMostimportantly,goodpublicspeakingtrainingshouldtreatyouasaspecialone,withYourownpersonalhabits.5.Yourtrainingcourseshouldhelpyoubringoutyourpersonality,Nottrytoturnyouintosomeoneyou’renot..A.Youaren’tlikeanybodyelseE.Whateverthepresentation,publicspeakingistough解析：根据treatyouasaspecialone,withyourownpersonalhabits可知，本段讲的是“与众不同”，故选A。．(2)顺承关系：顺承是按时间、空间或逻辑事理上的顺序说出连续的动作或相关的情况，分句之间有先后相承的关系。如：(2016全国Ⅰ卷)Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.39A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.必须要有代码书如果有代码书顺承关系解析：前句“要读懂代码的真实信息，你必须要有本代码书”与选项F“如果有一本代码书，你就可以把它们所代表的其他词写下来”是顺承关系。选项F中的acodebook与空前句中的acodebook是原词复现。故选F项。(3)转折关系：选项或空后句中常有but,however,instead等词。如：(2017全国Ⅰ卷)IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping.Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.36Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.…举例说明（参加了露营活动）前后态度转变道不同不相为谋Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewilderness.…Wehavedonealotofitsince.……everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.B.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.转折作用解析：空格前句说作者与喜欢露营的人道不同不相为谋，后文却开始举例说明作者接受朋友邀请参加了露营活动，可见空格表示作者对露营活动有所改观，因此答案D项中的“however”起了转折作用，表明作者从那时起，开始学习与露营相关的事。(4)因果关系：空格前后可能有so,therefore,since,because，consequently，asaresult等词。如：E.It’simportantthatyouletthemknowwhenyou’llbeavailableF.Itmightseemunkindtocutpeopleshortwhentheyinterruptyou(2017全国Ⅱ卷)Whenpeopletrytointerruptyou,havesethoursplannedandletthemknowtocomebackduringthattimeorthatyou’llfindthemthen.38.Itcanhelptoeliminate(消除)futureinterruptions.果因解析：空格前提到，当别人打扰你的时候，你要安排好时间，告知他们你在什么时候