初中英语语法—动词的语态讲解

1初中英语语法——动词的语态讲解动词的语态知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（TheActiveVoice）和被动语态（ThePassiveVoice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，例如：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动语态)Englishisspokenbymanypeople.(被动语态)1、被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下：肯定句：主语+be+过去分词+（by…）eg.Heisoftenaskedtodothiswork(byhisboss).否定句：主语+benot+过去分词+（by…）eg.Iamnotinvitedtotheparty(byhim).一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+（by…）？eg.Areyourclotheswashedbyyourself?特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+（by…）？eg.Whatisthissweatermadeof?现以动词give为例，其被动语态的各种时态如下：式时一般进行完成现在Am/is/are+givenAm/is/are+being+givenHave/has+been+given过去Was/were+givenWas/were+being+givenHad+been+given将来Shall/will+givenShall/will+be+Should/would+be2given+given含情态词的Can/may/must+be+given3、被动语态的用法：1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。例如：Thisjacketismadeofcotton.Englishisspokeninmanycountriesintheworld.2）强调动作的承受者时。如：Theboywassavedatlast.这个男孩最后得救了。3）主动语态变被动语态的步骤:主动句:Theboybrokethewindowyesterday.被动句:Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboyyesterday.步骤一：原句中的宾语thewindow变成主语。步骤二：谓语动词broke改为被动形式：wasbroken步骤三：原句中的主语Theboy放在介词by的后面。步骤四：其他成分如：yesterday不变。5)有两个宾语的句子的被动语态：A.可有两种被动语态的常用动词有：buy，give，leave，lend，offer，pay，teach，tell，show，等。1.Hegavemethebookjustnow.Thebookwasgiventome(byhim)justnow.=Iwasgiventhebook(byhim)justnow.2.Theyshowtheguardtheirpassportsattheentrancetothebuilding.Thepassportswereshowntotheguardbythemattheentrancetothebuilding.3=Theguardwasshownthepassportsbythemattheentrancetothebuilding.B.通常用直接宾语作被动语态主语的一些动词有:bring，do，make，pass，sell，send，sing，write，等。1.Hewroteheraletter.Aletterwaswrittentoher.Mymothermademeaskirt.Askirtwasmade(forme)bymymother.练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！一、选择填空1.Thequestion______byussoon.A.isgoingtodiscussB.willdiscussC.isgoingtobediscussedD.hasbeendiscussed2.Theoldmanwasquiteweakaftertheaccident,sohe______.A.mustlookafterB.mustbetakencareC.mustbelookedafterD.musttakecareof3.Allthenewwords______upinthedictionaryyet.A.havelookedB.haven'tlookedC.havebeenlookedD.haven'tbeenlooked4.Therewasnoroomforyou.Alltheseats______.A.aretakenB.wastakenC.hadtakenD.hadbeentaken5.Amodelship______hissonbyMrMore.A.wasmadeforB.wasmadetoC.madeforD.makesfor6.----Dad,pleaseopenthedoor,it______.4----OK,dear.Iamcoming.A.waslockedB.locksC.islockedD.locked7.Thiskindofsweater______verysoft.A.isfeltB.feelsC.feelD.isfeeling8.----Haveallthestudentsknownthatourclasswillvisitthefactorythisafternoon?----Yes.Everystudent______aboutit.A.toldB.hastoldC.wastoldD.tells9.Thecake______delicious.A.smellB.issmelledC.issmellingD.smells10.Myfatherhasgivenupsmokingsincehe______on.A.willoperateB.willbeoperatedC.operatedD.wasoperated11.Anewschool______thesedays.A.isbuildingB.isbuiltC.wellbuildD.isbeingbuilt12.Thecake______delicious.A.smellB.issmelledC.issmellingD.smells13.I________therewouldbeafootballmatchonChannel8tomatoA.willtellB.havetoldC.wastoldD.willbetold14.Thelibrariantoldmethatthebook______fortwoweeks.A.canbeborrowedB.canbekeptC.couldbeborrowedD.couldbekept15.When______thiskindofcomputer_______?5is;usedB.was;usedC.did;useD.are;used16.Thenewcomputers_______tothevillageschoolaspresentlastmonth.aregivenB.givenC.weregivenD.gave17.Ireallydon'tknow_______aboutit.A.whattodoB.howtodoC.todowhatD.howcanIdo18.Yourshoes_______.You'dbettercometogettheminhalfanhour.aremendingB.havemendedC.arebeingmendedD.havebeenmended19.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister______,todayhewasmade____byher.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry20.When_____theaccident________?A.was;happenedB.has;happenedC.washappebeingD.did;happenKey:1----5CCDDA6----10CBCDD11-15BDCDB16-20CACAD二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。Someideas______(give)tocollegestudentsbyhimyesterday.----DoyoulikethemusicMoonlight?----Yes,it______reallybeautiful!(sound)Hewon'tcometothepartyunlessSue______.(invite)Thechairneeds______.(repair)Quickisanotherwayof______fast.(say)Thiskindofbike______inthatfactory,butyoucan'tbuyitnow.(make)Cotton______inthecountry.(plant)Man-madesatellites______byChinesepeople.(send)Thiskindsofshoes______outbynow.(sell)6Theroommust______cleaneveryday.(keep)Key:1.weregiven2.sounds3.isinvited4.repairing/toberepaired5.saying6.ismade7.isplanted8.havebeensent9.havebeensold10.bekept