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非谓语动词不定式(todo）否定(nottodo)V-ing（doing）否定(notdoing)过去分词（done）否定(notdone)在句子中充当除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种：Iwanttoreadabookwrittenbythewomanlivingthere.谓语非谓语动词主语宾语定语表语补语状语TodoV-ingV-ed非谓语动词功能表不定式在句子中可以充当哪些成分？1、作主语Torunisagoodhabit.(=Itisagoodhabittorun.)2、作表语Ourplanistobuildabridgeovertheriver.3、作宾语Iwanttobuyadictionary.4、作定语Hehasachancetogoabroad.5、作状语Tofinishthework,hehadtogetupearly.6、作补语Iaskustohelphim.1、主语Noddingtheheadmeansagreement.点头表示同意。2、宾语Wouldyoumindmyclosingthewindows?3、表语Hisjobissellingnewspapers.4、定语Thisisaswimmingpool.V-ing在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？5.补语Hekeptmewaitingsolong.6.状语Walkinginthestreet,Imetmyteacher.过去分词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？1、定语Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltin1980s.Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.2、表语Theshopisclosed.3、补语Shefeltherarmtoughed.4、状语Seenfromthespace,theearthlooksblue.非谓语动词的形式主动态被动态一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行式tohavebeendoing过去分词done现在分词主动态被动态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone动词不定式动词不定式的形式Johnsaidthathehadruninordertocatchthebus.（一般式的主动态）Hehatedtobemisunderstoodbyothers.(一般式的被动态)Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.(进行式)Heintendedtohavetoldyouthat.(完成式主动态)Thisworkofartseemedtohavebeencreatedlongago.(完成式的被动态)We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成进行式)现在分词的形式Hesatinachair,readinganovel.(一般式主动态)Beingexhaustedbywork,hefellasleepquickly.(一般式被动态)Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentplaying.(完成式主动态)Allthishavingbeensettled,hewenthome.(完成式被动态)过去分词的形式Seenfromthespace,theearthisfilledwithwater.(过去分词被动态)不定式和现在分词作宾语的区别英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求1.不定式常用以下动词后作宾语：agree,ask,attempt,begin,demand,desire,dislike,expect,decide,seem,intend,try,permit,refuse,manage,order,persuade,tend,fail,choose,forget,mean,pretend,promise,refuse,wait,等。例如:Hemanagedtopasstheexam.Hepromisedtobehereatnine.Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere.2.动名词常用以下动词后作宾语:admit,avoidcan’thelp,consider,enjoy,escape,finish,giveup,mind,practice,suggest,lookforwardto,beusedtodoing,succeedin,feellike,stickto,etc.例如：Somepeopledonotenjoysmoking.Heavoidedansweringmyquestiondefinitely.Wearelookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.不定式,现在分词,过去分词做定语的区别不定式表示即将发生的动作,Thebuildingtobecompletednextmonthisourlibrary.现在分词表示现在发生的动作,Thebuildingbeingbuiltisourlibrary.过去分词表示已经发生的动作.Thebuildingbuiltisourlibrary.不定式,现在分词,过去分词做状语的区别不定式作状语一般表示目的,结果或原因:Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan．(目的Theboyisnottallenoughtoreachthebookshelf．(结果)Wearegladtohearthenews.(原因)现在分词作状语一般表示伴随,主动或现在Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan．(伴随)Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.过去分词作状语一般表示被动或完成Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Thepopsinger,followedbytwobodyguards,cametomeethisfans.不定式,现在分词,过去分词做宾补的区别有些使役动词及感官动词后如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watch等动词不定式只说明宾语的一个动作,宾语与动词不定式是主动关系Justthenheheardsomeonesinginthenextroom.现在分词说明宾语的动作正在进行，宾语与现在分词是主动关系Thenheheardsomeonesinginginthenextroom.过去分词说明宾语与过去分词是被动关系Hehadhisbikerepairedyesterday.Hefoundhiswatchstolen.注意问题1.有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别1）forgettodo忘记要去做某事（此事未做）forgetdoing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）2）stoptodo停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在或经常做的事3）remembertodo记住去做某事（未做）rememberdoing记得做过某事(已做)4)regrettodo对要做的事遗憾regretdoing对做过的事遗憾、后悔5）trytodo努力、企图做某事trydoing试验、试一试某种办法6)meantodo打算，有意要…meandoing意味着7）goontodo继而（去做另外一件事情）goondoing继续（原先没有做完的事情）8）proposetodo打算（要做某事）proposingdoing建议（做某事）2.不定代词something,nothing,little,much,alot等习惯上用不定式做定语Ihavesomethingtodotonight.Hestillhasalotofhomeworktofinish.3.疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式构成一种特殊的不定式短语:Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.(主语)Idon’tknowwhattodo．我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)Thedifficultywashowtocrosstheriver．(表语)非谓语动词中的句型1）Doing...+v.Readingisanart.阅读是门艺术。Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。2)Itis+nouse/good(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,...)等名词+doingsth.Itisnousecrying.哭没有用。3)Thereisnouse(good/point/sense/harm)+doingsth做某事没用Thereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk．4)go+Ving示“从事…”之意I’llgocampingtomorrow．我明天去露营。I’llgoshopping．我去商店。Itisnogoodobjecting.反对也没有用。5)在want,need,require等动词后,常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思。例如：Myhairneedscutting.(=Myhairneedstobecut.)6)在某些固定结构Generally/Franklyspeaking…,Judgingfrom/by…中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词Judgingbyhisdress,hecomesfromawealthyfamily.Franklyspeaking,Idon'tlikehimatall.不定式NMET2000第19题I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectCtobeexpectingD.expectsB该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…不定式的作用解析Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式因为主语是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型，故选B。不定式的作用解析[例3]NMET1997第1Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式该题考查动词不定式做宾语的用法。wouldlove(like)to是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合题意。Wouldlove+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望而未曾实现”的意思。解析不定式的时态和语态[例4]NMET2002第Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.(2002)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen例如：ItwasthefirstsuchprojecttobedesignedbyChineseengineers.Thequestiontobediscussedatthenextmee