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非谓语动词高考北京卷近几年非谓语动词考查数量：2006220071200842009320102英语基本句式：1.2.3.4.5.主+谓主+谓+宾主+系+表主+谓+宾+补主+谓+间宾+直宾他已经到了。我们在学英语。你看上去不高兴。我们发现他还活着。妈妈给我买了台电脑。非谓语动词的用法句子成分主谓宾表定状补不定式动名词分词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√不定式动名词现在分词过去分词非谓语动词的形式tobedoingtohavedonehavingdonehavingdonetobedonetohavebeendonebeingdonehavingbeendonebeingdonehavingbeendonetododoingdoingdone一般式完成式进行式一般式完成式一般式完成式一般式1.做主语和宾语：不定式todo动名词doinge.g.1.教书是我的工作。2.帮助别人是我们的职责。3.他在练习弹钢琴。4.当老师进来时，他假装在看书。Teaching/Toteachismyjob.Helping/Tohelpothersisourduty.Heispractisingplayingthepiano.Whentheteachercamein,hepretendedtobereading.e.g.1.完成这项工作花了我们两个小时的时间。2我们学英语很重要。3.你帮助我真是太好了。4.跟他谈没有用。5.我发现学一门外语很有必要。Ittookustwohourstofinishthejob.ItisimportantforustostudyEnglish.Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.Itisnousetalkingwithhim.Ifinditnecessarytolearnaforeignlanguage.Itis+adj/ntodosthItis+adj(ofsb)todosthItis+adj/ndoingsth…V+it+adj/n(…)todo/doingimportant,necessary,strange,possible,apity,fun,one’sduty…kind,nice,wrong,wise,clever,silly,stupid,careless,rude,cruel(no)use,(no)good,useless(forsb)(sb’s)A跟不定式的动词：decide,determine,learn,wish,expect,hope,long,desire,manage,refuse,pretend,offer,afford,promise,choose,plan,intend,agree,help…跟动名词的动词：consider,advise,suggest,excuse,admit,allow,aviod,delay,dislike,enjjoy,escape,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk…Ba)b)既跟不定式又动名词的动词：BbeginstartDlikelovepreferCneedwantrequireAcontinueFgoonrememberforgettrymeanregretcan’thelptodo/doingtododoingdoing/tobedonetodo/doingtododoing123人们在开始重视这个问题。天开始下起雨来。他开始意识到他的错误。Ehatetododoingstart,begin本身是~ing形式时，主语不指人时，接表“心理活动”的动词时。c)C疑问词+非谓语动词wh~+todoIworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewlife.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsDTherebe的非谓语动词形式：Wedidn’texpectthatthereweresomanypeople.→Wedidn’texpect____________somanypeople.Hedreamedthattherewasaschoolinhishometown.→Hedreamedof__________aschoolinhishometown.theretobetherebeingtheretobetherebeing1.我的工作是教书。2.我的工作很有趣。3.我们现在马上要做的是帮助他们。4.这只铅笔断了。5.这消息令人激动。6.孩子们很激动。1.Myjobistoteach.teaching.2.Myjobisinteresting.3.Whatweshoulddorightnowistohelpthem.4.Thepencilisbroken.5.Thenewsisexciting.6.Thechildrenareexcited.2.做表语：不定式todo动名词doing分词doing/doneasleepingbabyasleepingbagthehouse__________nowthehouse__________lastyearthehouse__________nextyear正在熟睡的孩子睡袋beingbuiltbuilttobebuilt3.做定语：不定式todo动名词doing分词doing/done(ababywhoissleeping)(abagforsleeping)✐分词作定语，与所修饰词有主谓关系（ababyissleeping）；✐动名词作定语，说明所修饰词的用途。AB✐名词+todo(将要发生)✐名词+beingdone(正在被…)✐名词+done(已被…)therisingsuntherisensunfallenleavesfallingleavesapuzzlingproblemhispuzzledlookrunningwaterastolenbike正在初生的太阳已经升起的太阳落叶正在飘落的叶子一个令人迷惑的问题他（感到）迷惑的表情✍及物动词：doing主动,done被动✍不及物动词：doing正在发生,done已发生自来水一辆被偷的自行车✍表心情或情绪的及物动词：doing令人…的,done感到…的CDENote:a)单个的分词作定语，通常位于所修饰词前，分词短语作定语，通常位于所修饰词后。b)不定式时作定语位于所修饰词后。✐only、first、last、next、序数词+名词+不定式✐名词+todo&名词+tobedone?Themeeting___________tomorrowisimportant.___________Thereisalotofwork_____________.Ihavealotofwork___________.Givemesomething_____________.Givemeapen_______________.tobeheldtotakeplacetodo/tobedonetodrinktowritewithtodoDoyouhaveanyclothestowash?Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?Withtheproblems____________,thepresidentwillhavearelaxingtime.Withmanyproblems____________,thenewpresidentwillhaveahardtime.Withmanyproblems_____________,peopledemandedtotakemeasuresaboutitimmediately.Compare:settledtosettletobesettled不1.定2.式3.分词目的结果原因他大声说话以便别人能听到。他匆忙赶到车站结果发现火车已经离开了。见到你我很高兴。1.2.3.4.5.6.7.伴随时间条件让步结果原因方式他坐在沙发上，看他喜欢的电视节目。完成了工作，他离开了办公室。如果加热水会变成气体。虽然她出生在美国，他说了一口流利的中文。上个月一场台风袭击了这个地区，12人丧生。因为病了，他今天呆在家里。见到我，他跑了过来。4.做状语：不定式分词Hespokeloudinordertobeheard.Hehurriedtothestation,tofindthetrainhadleft.Iamgladtoseeyou.Hesatinthesofa,watchinghisfavoriteprogramme.Havingfinishedhiswork,helefttheoffice.Heated,watercanturnintogas.BorninUS,hespeaksChinesefluently.Atyphoonstruckthearea,killing12people.Beingill,hestayedhome.Seeingme,hecamerunning.区分：doingdone主动被动（与主语的关系）doinghavingdone同时之前（与谓语动词的关系）老师要求我们按时到。我发现她正在树下读书。他醒来，发现自己被绑在树上。我们称之为四足行走。5.做补语：不定式分词动名词Theteacheraskedus_________ontime.Ifoundher__________underthetree.Hewokeupandfoundhimself__________toatree.Wecallit__________onfourfeet.tobereadingtiedwalking接非谓语动词做宾补的“感观动词”&“使役动词”hear,listentolookat,see,notice,watch,observefeel,finddosb/sthdoingdone感官动词听看感觉发现使役动词“使、让”haveletmakekeepleaveallowaskgetletsbdododonemakesb/sthdodonesb/sthkeepleavedodoingdonehavesb/sthtodotobedonesb/sthaskallowtodo(tobe)donedoinggetsb/sthTheEndTheEnd