非谓语动词导学案(无答案)

1语法专题三:非谓语动词概念理解：在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。指出下列句子中非谓语动词的成分1，Toseeistobelieve.2,Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.3,Hewantedtogo4,IfinditinterestingtostudyEnglish.5,Heaskedmetodotheworkwithhim.6,Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.7,Icameheretoseeyou.8,Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.9,Layingeggsistheantqueen’sfull-timejob.10,Itisnousearguingwithhim.11,Herjobisteaching.12.Hehadhisclotheswashed.13,Wesawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.14,Themanstandingbythewindowisourteacher.15,Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.16,Beingastudent,Imuststudyhard.17,Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbythestudents.18,Thenewsisinspiring.不定式动名词现在分词过去分词一般式tododoingdone表被动表完成一般被动式完成式完成被动式进行式√√非谓语动词句法功能一览表主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√分词√√√√历届高考的侧重点和难点：一、不定式与动名词做主语：1、动名词做主语常表“抽象、习惯”，不定式做主语常表“具体的、偶然、将来”。eg.Collectinginformationaboutchildren’shealthishisjob.It’snecessarytodiscusstheproblemwithanexperiencedteacher.2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：（1）It’sdifficult(important,necessary)forsb.todo（2）It’skind(good,friendly,polite,careless,rude,cruel,clever,foolish,brave)ofsb.todo.3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：It’snogood(use,fun)doing./It’s(a)wasteoftimedoing./It’sworthwhiledoing.二、不定式与动名词做宾语：1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语：ask,want,wish,hope,expect,pretend,care,decide,happen,long,offer,refuse,fail,plan,prepare,order,cause,afford,beg,manage,agree,promise,demand等。2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语：enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid,excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,escape,appreciate,admit,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can’tstand,can’thelp(情不自禁),setabout,objectto等。3、在forget,remember,stop,try,regret,mean,consider等动词后跟不定式与动名词意义不同forgettodosth.______________________forgetdoingsth.____________________remembertodosth.____________________rememberdoingsth._____________________regrettodosth._____________________regretdoingsth._____________________stoptodosth._____________________stopdoingsth._____________________trytodosth._____________________trydoingsth._____________________meantodosth._____________________meandoingsth._____________________considerdoing_____________________considersbtodo_____________________goontodosth.____________________goondoingsth._____________________2can’thelptodosth._____________________can’thelpdoingsth._____________________三、不定式、动名词、分词做定语：1、不定式作定语①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。如：TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein.②试比较：Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式tosend的动作执行者是“你”）Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要（别人）寄的东西吗？③用不定式作定语的几种情况：不定式表将来：Iborrowedsomebookstoreadduringmyholiday.用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词。如：Hewasthebestmantodothejob.ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.（thelast,therest…todo）2、分词作定语①过去分词做定语表示完成、被动的动作或状态，现在分词做定语表示主动或进行的动作。例如：Theboypraisedbytheteacherwasmyfriend.Theboyplayingfootballoverthereismyfriend,②不定式、过去分词和现在分词被动式作定语的区别Themeeting__________________tomorrowisimportantThemeeting__________________nowisimportant.Themeeting__________________yesterdayisimportant.四、不定式与分词做状语：1、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因：Hehurriedhomeonlytofindhismoneystolen.（）Tomakehimselfheard,heraisedhisvoice.（）Allofusaresurprisedtoseehisrapidprogress.()2、分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.()Havingbeenbittenbyasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.()Givenachance,Icansurprisetheworld.()Thecupdroppedtotheground,breakingintopieces.()Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.()Theteachercameintothelab,followedbysomestudents.()注意：分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词与句子的主语构成主动关系，过去分词与句子的主语构成被动关系3、独立成分作状语有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：Generallyspeaking…一般说来Judgingfrom…根据……来判断Considering…考虑到……Totellyouthetruth…说实话Tomakemattersworse更糟糕的是…Believeitornot信不信由你五、不定式、动名词、分词做表语：1)注意如下动词的在分词与过去分词用法不同：interest，surprise，frighten，excite，tire，please，puzzle，satisfy，amuse，disappoint…现在分词译为“令人…的”常修饰物;过去分词常修饰人，译为“感到…的”（如人的look、voice等）Afterhearingtheexcitingnews,hegaveaspeechinanexcitedvoice.2)动名词作need,want,require,deserve，beworth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。Thewashing-machineneedsrepairing.（或用：needstoberepaired）ThisEnglishnovelisworthreading.六、不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语：1、以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语：ask,tell,beg,allow,want,like,hate,force,invite,persuade,advise,order,cause,encourage,waitfor,callon,permit,forbidｅｇ．Thedoctoradvisedhimtostayinbedforanotherfewdays.（注意hope/suggest/demand后不跟不定式做宾补）2、有些动词后的复合宾语用不带“to“的不定式，这些动词有：see,watch,notice,hear,feel,make,let,have等：3Thebossmadethemworktwelvehoursaday.3、下列动词后的复合宾语可用分词做宾补：see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,make,set,have,leave,keep,find等。Eg.Weheardhimsingingthesongwhenwecamein.Wehaveheardthesongsungtwice.七、非谓语动词中的时态、语态1、非谓语动词的时态在时间上，非谓语的一般式与谓语动词同时发生；非谓语的完成式先于谓语动词之前发生；非谓语的进行式在谓语动词动作发生时正在进行。Theyenteredthetheater,talkingandlaughing.()Havingbeentheremanytimes,sheknowstheplacequitewell.()Heissaid___________________________(出国)lastyear.（）Heissaid____________________________(在国外学习)recently.（）Heissaid______________________________(出国)nextyear.（）注：不定式完成式还可以表示过去没有实现的打算或愿望。如：Iintendedtohavecometoseeyou,butIwastoobusythen.Iwastohavestartedworklastweek,butIcaughtabadcold.2、非谓语动词的语态当非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动关系，用主动式；是被动关系，用被动式。Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.Isawhimwritingashortnovel.八、非谓语动词的否定式非谓语动词的否定式通常是就在非谓语动词之前加not或neverTryn