非谓语动词常考点

西工大附中一轮复习---非谓语动词Grammar动词不定式的作用1主语(subject)2表语(predicative)3宾语(object)4宾补(objectcomplement)5定语(attribute)6状语(adverbial)7.独立结构(absoluteconstruction)动词不定式的时态和语态形式主动被动一般式进行式完成式完成进行式todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoingtobedonetohavebeendone(1)Theypretendednottoseeus.(2)Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3)Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后。)(进行式表示在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行。)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。)(4)We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续。)不定式的语态主动语态todo被动语态tobedoneItisanhonorformetobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Everyonelikestheherotobepraised.•Myjobtoprotecttheworld.•Allyouhavetodois(to)finishthejobquickly.如果主语部分有do,表语的不定式可省略to。is1不定式作表语(predicative)表示将来的动作或主语的内容。•当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion等名词时，或以what引导的名词性分句，不定式说明主语的内容和将来的动作,如•Herjobistolookafterthebaby.•Mydreamistobecomeapopstarin10years.表示将来的动作,如•Hewasabouttoleavetheroomwhenthetelephonerang.区别：-ing形式作表语•1.泛指某种经常动作或行为，说明主语的身份、性质或情况。•Herhobbyispainting.•Myjobislookingafterthechildren.2.表示事物的特征、性质和状态astonishing,amusing,confusing,disappointing,boring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising等。•Thefilmwesawlastnightisquitemoving.•Hiswordsareencouraging.区别：done作表语1.人所处的状态astonished,amused,confused,disappointed,bored,encouraged,inspired,moved,tired,interested,worried(担忧的)；pleased(高兴的)；satisfied(满意的)；surprised;married(已婚的)；known(著名的)等。•Iamsoworried,sodon’tletmedown.•Wewereallsurprisedatthenews.•Iwasmovedtotearswatchingthefilm.•Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter．•Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea．2,事物的性质状态broken(碎了的)；closed(关闭的)；crowded(拥挤的)；lost(丢失的)；gone(遗失的)；•Greenfieldsaregonenow,parchedbythesun.•Whenthedoorisclosed.theGodwillopenawindowtoyou.2不定式作宾补(objectcomplement)Mymumasksmetoplaythepianotwohourseveryday.Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等+sb+todo2.see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,watch,lookat,listento+sb.+do•Isawhimentertheroom,sitdownandlightacigarette.•Wesatanhourandwatchedtheteachermaketheexperiment.•Isawhimstealintotheshop,takesth.andrunaway.1.Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyfromthetree.但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：2.MothermadeJohnwashthecarforaweek.Johnwasmadetowashthecarforaweek.3.make/let/have+sb.+doGet+sb.+todo•Ifyouarebusy,getsomeoneelsetodothework.区别：-ing形式作宾补1.see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,watch,lookat,listento+sb.+doing正在进行的动作•Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastrangerstandingattheentrance.•IfeltmyheartbeatingviolentlywhenIsawher.•Ifoundabaglyingontheground.•Ashespoke,heobservedeverybodylookingathimcuriously.•Theyheardhimsinginginthenextroom.=Hewasheardsinginginthenextroom.2.指使动词have,set,keep,get,catch,leave+sb.+doing•Iwon’thaveyoudoingthat.•Thissetmethinking.•I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.•Ican’tgettheclockgoingagain.•Youwon’tcatchmedoingthatagain.区别：动词-ed形式作宾语补足语1see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find,think,suppose,consider+sb./sth+done等。•Wethoughtthegamelost．•Shefeltagreatweighttakenoffhermind．•Theyconsideredthemattersettled．•Thegirlwasfoundbeatenblackandblue．2make,get,have,keep,leave,hold+sb/sth.+done等。•Ihavemyhaircutonceamonth．•Hewastryingtomakehimselfunderstood．•Mygrandfatherhadhisoldhouserebuilt．3like，want,wish,expect,order+sb/sth.+(tobe)done等•Hewon’tlikesuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting．•ThestudentswishtheTVserialplayscontinued．不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to。1.Shecoulddonothingbutcry.2.Ihavenochoicebuttogo.3.Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep.3不定式作定语(attribute)Kateislookingforasuitablecoattowear.Tomhasanicepentowritewith.1.不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后(a)Ladiesandgentlemen,Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.不定式作定语不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后,不定式与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。Doyouhaveanythingtosayonthequestion?Wouldyoupleasegivemesomepapertowriteon?Iwanttofindaboxtostandontoreachtheapples(1)动宾关系:如是不及物动词，则需加介词(2)主谓关系当名词被thefirst,thelast,theonly等词以及形容词最高级修饰时•Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.他总是第一个来。•Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.(3)同位关系•Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我们都有上大学的机会。•Shewasverybusyandhadnotimetovisitherfriends.注意比较：1)Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗？2)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式tosend的动作执行者是you）（不定式tobesent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse）Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.1.表示目的:to;inorderto;soastoonlyto(仅仅为了)4不定式作状语(adverbial)2.表示原因:不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.so+adj./adv.+astodo…such+adj.+n.+astodo…adj./adv.+enough+todotoo+adv./adj.+todoHesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.=Hewassuchafoolastobelieveit.=Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.3.结果状语:表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。5不定式作主语(subject)Togoornottogoisaquestion.ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。•It’simportant/necessary//possible描述事物的形容词+(forsb)+todo•It’sclever//nice//kind//cruel//polite//brave描述人的形容词+(ofsb)+t