2019年高考英语语法填空考点梳理与练习

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1语法填空考点梳理与练习有提示词考点梳理ATTENTIONPLEASE!语法填空作为高考英语的必考题型,主要考查我们的语法积累和运用能力。在积累了众多语法知识的基础上,相信同学们已经有了一些做这道题的能力和技巧,那怎么才能保证我们做这道题准确率高而且速度快呢?下面我们将对语法填空题型进行考点梳理。和高考的亲密接触给同学们10分钟的时间,一起来挑战一下吧!Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears1(long)thannon-runners.Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong2(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof3(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit4(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife5walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin20146showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall7(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwiseit’sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto8(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit’salways9(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive10atry.同学们能否总结出语法填空这个题型知识点考查的方向和重难点呢?针对这个题型,同学们在做题的时候都会遇到什么问题?和小伙伴们一起讨论一下吧!语法填空高考解读语法填空题每小题1.5分,共10小题,总分为15分。其命题特点如下:1、长度:200词左右的短文2、命题形式:有提示词填空(7个),无提示词填空(3个)3、主要的语法考点有提示词:名词,动词,形容词和副词,词性转化无提示词:连词,冠词,代词,介词,特殊句式2考点一名词考查内容(1)nandn并列例如:Hiskindnessand_____(achieve)impressedme.(2)(a/an/the)+adj+n例如:The_____(express)inhiseyestoldmesomethingwaswrong.(3)介词+nSeveralproposalsareunder_____(consider).(4)形容词性物主代词+n(5)序数词+nItisthethird_____(describe)aboutthebird.many/several+可数名词复数much+不可数名词some/alotof/lotsof+可数名词复数/不可数名词名词变复数变化规律1.一般情况,加-s;如map-maps2.以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词,加-es;如:bus-buses3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i再加es;如:baby-babies牛刀小试1.Formostofusthe______(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork.2.I'dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverthatarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese______(painting).3.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop______(attract).4.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew_______(day)withhissister.《AyoungmanaskedSocratesthesecrettosuccess》Socratestoldtheyoungmantomeethimneartheriverthenextmorning.Theymet.Socratesaskedtheyoungmantowalkwithhimtowardtheriver.Whenthewatergotuptotheirneck,Socratestooktheyoungmanbysurpriseandduckedhimintothewater.TheboystruggledtogetoutbutSocrateswasstrongandkepthimthereuntiltheboystartedturningblue.Socratespulledhisheadoutofthewaterandthefirstthingtheyoungmandidwastogaspandtakeadeepbreathofair.Socratesasked,“Whatdidyouwantthemostwhenyouwerethere?”Theboyreplied,“Air.”Socratessaid,“Thatisthesecrettosuccess.Whenyouwantsuccessasbadlyasyouwantedtheair,thenyouwillgetit.Thereisnoothersecret.”3考点二动词考查方向1、Tom______(play)footballyesterday.2、Isawtheboy______(play)neartheriver.3、Thestoryisvery______(interest).如果括号中给的提示词是动词时,首先判定考查的是谓语动词、非谓语动词还是词性转换。考查内容一、谓语动词1、判定考查谓语动词的依据(1)逗号不能连接两个句子。例如:Twoyearsago,hewenttotheGreatWall.(2)在一个简单句中,只能有一个谓语或并列谓语。例如:Hewalkedintotheclassroom.Hewalkedintotheclassroomandbeganhisclass.Hewalkedintotheclassroomwhistlingapopulartune.2、谓语动词考察方向:时态、语态、主谓一致(1)时态判断依据:①如果该空所在的句子中有时间状语,则依据时间状语判断相应的动词时态。例如:He__________(write)eightbookssofar.②如果该空所在的句子中有并列谓语,则保持并列谓语的时态一致。例如:Hegotupearlyand_____(go)toschool.③如果上述两种情况都不存在时,则根据上下文的时态正确选择谓语动词的时态。(2)语态判断谓语动词与主语在逻辑上是主动还是被动关系,从而选择谓语动词语态是主动语态还是被动语态。被动语态谓语动词形式:bedone例如:Alltheemployees______(encourage)toworkonlineathome.(3)主谓一致讨论与总结同学们还记得常见的时态有哪几种吗?他们的基本结构分别是什么,和小伙伴们一起讨论一下吧!4①如果主语是单数,那么谓语动词也是单数;如果主语是复数,那么谓语动词是复数。②就近原则。通常使用就近原则的词组有or,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,Therebe句型例如:EitheryouorI_____(be)happy.③就远原则。通常使用就远原则的词组有:名词或代词┼with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,ratherthan,asmuchas,but,expect例如:Tomaswellashisfriends____(be)invitedtotheparty.总结:谓语动词时态、语态、主谓一致做题思路:1、要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词;若是谓语动词,2、要判断用哪一种时态3、要根据主语与谓语动词的关系判断用主动语态还是被动语态4、要注意主谓一致,最后才能确定所填动词的形式。在确定谓语动词的时态时,我们可从三个方面来进行判断:1、看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句;2、在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时;3、根据上下文时态判断谓语动词时态牛刀小试1、Threepeople______(take)toahospital,whileothersweretreatedatalocalclinic.2、Atthattime,sodapopwassoldinbottles,andtheywerewashedand_____(fill)again.3、There_____(be)abookandtwopensonthedesk.4、Twoyearsago,thethreeofus_______(go)uptoMt.Lushan.5、ItwasraininglightlywhenI_______(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.二、非谓语动词1、判定考查非谓语动词的依据:根据概念(在一个句子中,除了谓语动词之外的其他动词形式称为非谓语动词)2、非谓语动词的形式及意义基本形式:todo表示将来、目的、主动变化形式:tobedone将来、被动doing表示进行、主动beingdone进行、被动done表示完成、被动havingdone完成、主动havingbeendone完成、被动3、非谓语动词的做题思路(1)判定是否是非谓语动词。(根据非谓语动词的概念)(2)找逻辑主语,分析逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间的主动被动关系。(3)分析非谓语动词与谓语动词之间的时间先后关系。5(4)根据非谓语动词的基本形式和变化形式及其所表达的意义,判定出最终非谓语动词的形式。4、非谓语动词的固定搭配(1)doing做主语例如:playingwithhisfriendsmakeshimhappyeveryday.(2)onlytodo表示出人意料的结果例如:Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.(3)主语+be+adj+todo例如:Thecakeiseasytomake.(4)havetrouble/problems/difficulty+(in)doingsth/withsth(5)Ittakessbsometime/moneytodosth(6)跟todo形式作宾语(7)跟doing形式作主语(8)介词后加doing形式作宾语牛刀小试1.Ienjoy_______(climb)mountainswheneverIcanfindthetimetodoso.2.Ittookyearsofwork_______(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.3.Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout_______(be)lateforschool.4.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyi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