情态动词基本用法

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Whatare情态动词(modalverbs)?情态动词的特点•情态动词有一定的意义•无人称和数的变化•通常不带to,后接动词原形•表示说话人的语气或情绪情态动词备考方向:•1.各情态动词的基本用法;•2.易混淆情态动词的辨析;•3.情态动词在特定语境中的用法•4.虚拟语气中情态动词的用法.Howmanymodalverbscanyouremember?modalverbscan/couldmay/mightshall/shouldmustneeddareoughttousedtohave/hadtowill/would1.can/could•1)表示能力•Hecanplaytabletennisquitewell.•2)表示事物一时的特征,理论上的可能性•It’salwayswarmhere,butsometimesitcanbeverycold.•He’sgood-tempered.However,hecanbehardtodealwithwhenoffended.•Evenanexperiencedteachercanmakemistakes.•3)表示许可/允诺•---Can/CouldTomusethecar?•---Yes,hecan.•Youcanhavemyseat.Iamgoingnow.•4)表示推测•1)---Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Whocanitbe?CanitbeScarlet?•---No,itcan’tbeher.ShecalledfromTokyojustnow.•2)Hecannothaveforgottenit.•3)Theaccidentcouldhavebeenavoided.2.may/might•1)表示请求\许可•---May/MightIcomein?•---Yes,youmay.•2)表示可能性的推测•Herappearancehaschangedsomuchthatyoumaywellnotrecognizeher.•It’ssolate.Ithinghemay/mighthavegonetobed.•Youmighthavegivenhimmorehelp,butwhydidn’tyou?•3)may用于祈使句表示祝愿•Mayyousucceed!•Mayyoureturninsafe!3.must•1.必须•MustIsay“sorry”?•Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.•Youmustseeadoctor.•2.猜测“肯定,准是”•ShemustbewatchingTVnow.•Theremustbesomemistake.•Itmusthaverainedlastnight.Thegroundissowet.•3.“偏要,硬要”•Ifyoumustsmoke,pleasegoout.•4.否定,表示“禁止”•Youmustn’tplaywithfire.Youmayhurtyourself.must对比haveto•1)两词都是‘必须’的意思,haveto表示客观的需要,must表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。•Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.•Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.•2)haveto有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。•Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday.•3)在否定结构中:don‘thaveto表示“不必”mustn’t表示“禁止”•Youdon‘thavetotellhimaboutit.•Youmustn‘ttellhimaboutit.4.Shall的用法(1).Shall常用于第一人称表示简单的将来Whenshallwellmeetagain?IshallhavefinishedmyhomeworkbyFriday.(2)shall用于第二,三人称表示:a.允诺或强烈的意志Itshallbedoneasyouwish.Youshallgetabikeasyourbirthdaypresent.B.肯定会发生的事情Thatdayshallcome.C.命令或必须执行之事.ThislawshallhaveeffectinScotland.(3)用于疑问句或表示提议的句子,请求听者决定之.1)---Shallwegotogether?---Yes,let’s.2)---ShallIgetyouachair?---Yes,please.3)---Shallthevisitorcomeinnow?---I’dratherhecameinlater.5.Should的用法•(1)用于表示义务或责任Youshouldn’tdrinkanddrive.Visitorsshouldinformthereceptionistoftheirarrival.(2)用于表示劝告或推荐Heshouldstopsmoking.Youshouldn’tleavethebabyaloneinthehouse.Theyshouldhavecalledthepolice.(3)用于表示假定的结果IfIwasaskedtoworkonSundays,Ishouldresign.Weshouldmovetoalargerhouseifwehadthemoney.Should的用法(4).用于形容词anxious,sorry,concerned,happy,delighted等后接的从句中.Wearesorrythatyoushouldfeeluncomfortable.Thatheshouldspeaktoyoulikethatisquiteastonishing.(5).用于if和incase引导的从句表示某事不太可能.Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind,doletmeknow.Shouldanyonetelephone,pleasetellthemI’mbusy.(6).用于sothat和inorderthat之后表示目的或动机.Heputthecasesinthecarsothatheshouldbeabletomakeanearlystart.Herepeatedtheinstructionsslowlyinorderthatheshouldunderstand.(7)用于表示请求的客气说法.Ishouldliketomakeaphonecall,ifpossible.Weshouldbegratefulforyourhelp.•(8).用于表达不成熟的意见.Ishouldsayshe’soverforty.IshouldimagineItwilltakeaboutthreehours.(9).与疑问词连用表示不感兴趣,难以置信等HowshouldIknow?Whyshouldhethinkthat?Iturnedroundonthebusandwhoshouldbesittingbehindmebutmyex-wife.oughtto和should•1)oughtto:比should语气强烈,一般用于肯定和否定句•Theyoughttobetherebynow.•Yououghtnottobelateagain.•oughttohavedonesth.=shouldhavedonesth.本应该做某事而没有.•oughtnottohavedonesth.=shouldnothavedonesth.本不应该做某事而做了.•Theyoughttohavehandedinthepaperyesterday.他们本应当昨天交论文。•Yououghtnottohavewastedyourtime.7.可兼做行为动词的情态动词:need、dare情态动词(+动词原形)行为动词.needdare1.无人称和数的变化;2.尤其用于:*否定句及疑问句中;*在if/whether之后;*或与hardly,never,noone,nobody连用;3.常以needn’t和daren’t的形式出现;4.dare有其过去时dared.多用于肯定句;(sb.)needtododaretodo(sth.)needtobedone(sth.)needdoingIdaren’taskherforarise.Howdidyoudaretotellherthat?Iwonderwhetherhedarestandupinpublic.Idon’tknowhowshedarestowearthatdress.7.dareDoyouneedanyhelp?Iwonderwhetherheneedsenditimmediately.Ineedhardlytellyouthattheworkisdangerous.Thegardendoesn’tneedwateringatthemoment.Youneedn’tfinishthatworktoday.7.need判断正误:Howdareyousaysuchathing?Howdareyoutosaysuchathing?Hedaren’ttospeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,didhe?Hedaren’tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?8.usedtodosth过去常常做某事•Iusedtogotothecinemaalot.•Heusedtobeaheavysmoker,didn’the?•Heusedtobeaheavysmoker,usedn’the?9.will•做助动词:表示单纯的将来)将Hewillbehomeatsix.他六点回家。•做情态动词:•1)(表示意志、意愿)愿,要Youwillcome,won'tyou?你会来的,是不是?•2)(表示经常性、习惯性)经常,惯于,总是Thesethingswillhappen.这种事总是要发生的。9.would•助动词:(will的过去式,表示过去将来时)将Shesaidshewouldcome.•情态动词:•1)(表示意志)愿,要;偏要Itoldhertostopnagging,butshejustwouldn'tlisten.•2.(表示过去的习惯)总是,总会Hewouldsitsilentforhours.•3.(表示推测)大概,会Ithinkhewouldaccepttheinvitation.•4.(表示喜欢、意愿)愿意,要,想Iwouldliketohaveawordwithyou.5.(表示虚拟、假设、条件等)要,将要;会,就会IfIwereyounger,IwouldjoinyouintheexpeditiontotheAntarctic.Woulditbeconvenientforyoutoleavetomorrow?Wouldyoupleasecometonight?•6.(表示愿望)但愿,要是...多好Iwishyouwouldn'tsmokeanymore.•广东高考情态动词考查方向:•语法天空•1)should在虚拟语气中的使用•2)情态动词表推测的用法•阅读理解•情态动词在虚拟语气中的使用•广东高考情态动词考查方向:•should在虚拟语气中的使用•1)表示将来的较小的可能性•Ifsheshouldknowit,shewouldtellme.•Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayindoors.•2)Itishightimethatweshouldstartout.•3)Itisstrangethatheshouldhaveactedtowardshisparentslikethat.•Itisimportant/necessarytha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