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非谓语动词一、非谓语动词概论•顾名思义，非谓语动词就是不能作谓语的动词。•包括：不定式（todo）现在分词（doing）动名词（doing）过去分词（done）用法：非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。非谓语动词使用条件Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.1Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools.表语2Wesawsometeacherssittingthere.宾语补足语3Havingaclass,weneedtobeactive宾语谓语宾语主语定语连系动词非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语，状语，宾语补足语、等.状语不定式的构成主动式被动式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing/动词-ing的构成主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone过去分词done1.非谓语动词的否定形式•在其前加notnottodo•notdoing•Theyfeltsorryfornotarrivingintime.•2.动词ing的复合结构是：•代词宾格（形容词性物主代词）+动ing•名词（名词所有格）•注：该结构置于句首时（作主语），只能用括号中间的结构。作宾语两者均可。•2)Doyoumindmy/meopeningthewindow?（我打开窗你介意吗？）•3)Ourgoingthereisallowed.（我们获准去那里。）二、非谓语的用法作主语•动词作主语常用动词的ing形式。有时也可用todo(单独的过去分词done不能作主语)。•一般说来，动ing作主语表示一种经常性的、抽象的和泛指的动作，而不定式作主语则表示一次性的、具体的动作。•例如：Lyingiswrong.（泛指lying的做法或作风）Tolieiswrong.（对于说谎者是谁，说话人心中是有所指的）•2.在“主－系－表”结构中，主语和表语所采用的非谓语形式要一致。•Toseeistobelieve.•Seeingisbelieving.•3.疑问词后必须跟不定式。•Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.•Idon’tknowwhattodo.注：不定式做主语时，常用it做形式主语，将todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+谓语+todoIttakesusanhour___gettherebybus.句型2：It’s+n.+todoIt’sourduty__helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment__spendourholidayinthemountains句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品质的）（是形容事物的性质的）Itiseasy____metofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonor___ustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykind___youtogivemesomehelp.It'simpolite___youtospeaktotheteacherlikethat.＝Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.＝youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.forforofof但在下列it作形式主语的结构中常用动ing：•Itisuseless/nouse/nogood/nosense/nopoint/awasteoftimedoingsth.It’suselessstudyingEnglishwithoutpractice.•It’snousetalkingaboutitagain.三、非谓语作宾语•作宾语的动词只能采取todo和—ing形式中的一种或两种。•I.常见的只能以不定式作宾语的动词有：•afford,agree,bother,choose,decide,determine,expect,fail,help,hesitate,hope,learn,long(渴望),manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,tend,wish,wouldlike等。•Iwanttotakethesebookstotheclassroom.•LittleJimshouldlovetobetakentothezoothisweek.•II.1.常见的只能跟—ing的动词•advise,admit(承认),allow,appreciate,avoid,complete,consider(考虑),delay(耽误),deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,finish,forbid,imagine,keep,mind……•2介词后面动词都要用—ing形式，特别是某些词组中的to是介词，要跟—ing，不能跟不定式，这些词组有：•beaccustomedto习惯于，beusedto习惯于，beaddictedto沉溺于，devoteoneselfto/bedevotedto献身于，lookforwardto盼望，objectto反对，payattentionto注意，prefer…to…,stickto坚持，turnto开始/转向等。•IIIneed,require,wantIneed___________(repair)theradioTheradioneeds__________________.(repair)•(不定式的主动态表示主语是动词repair的执行者)•(不定式的被动态表示主语是动词repair的承受者，此时也可采用—ing的主动形式)torepairtoberepairedrepairing.•IV.有些动词和动词短语既可接动词不定式作宾语，又可接—ing形式作宾语，但所表达的意义不同。1.forget和remember•forget/rememberdoing•表示“忘记/记得做过的事”；•forget/remembertodo•表示“忘记/记住要做的事”；•2.stoptodo停下来去做某事；•stopdoing停止做某事•3.goontodo接着做另一件事；•goondoing继续做同一件事•4.trytodo努力做某事；•trydoing试着做某事•5.regrettodo遗憾地做某事；•regretdoing后悔已做的事•6.meantodo想做某事；•meandoing意味着做某事7.can’thelp(to)dosth.(不能帮助做某事)•can’thelpdoingsth.(情不自禁做某事)1.Boys,don‘tforget_____thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.toclose2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest3.Remember_______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff4.Doyoumean_________(tell)meyoudidn’tposttheletter?Takingataximeans______(save)time.5.Iregretted_____________(notfollow)hisadvice.Heregretted___________(inform)usthatourtravelhadbeenputofftotellsavingnotfollowingtoinform•V.动词不定式可以和疑问词what,which,how,where,when,howmuch,howmany等一起在句中作宾语。•We’dbetterfindoutwheretoputit.四、非谓语作表语非谓语的三个形式都能作表语不定式：具体的，将要发生的动作doing：抽象的，习惯性的动作分词：doing：令人．．．的done：感到．．．的Hisson’sdreamistobeanactor.Myworkisteaching.Thesituationisencouraging.Hefeltencouragedbytheteacher’swords.Thenewsisverydisappointingsoshelooksdisappointed.•1.Seeingthe___________tiger,thelittlegirlgave___________voice.(frighten)•2.Fromher_________look,weknowsheis___________(confuse)frighteningfrightenedconfusingconfused五、非谓语作定语•I.不定式做定语1.不定式作定语常和所修饰的名词和代词形成动宾关系或介宾关系，放在所修饰的词后。•Doyouhaveanythingtosay?•Wefoundahousetolivein.•Ihavenothingtodobutwait.•2.当名词被thefirst,thelast以及theonly等序数词以及形容词最高级修饰时，常用不定式作定语•Heistheonlypersontoknowthetruth.Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.•3.不定式作定语表将来•Hewillwritemorebooksintheyearstocome.•Thestudentsarepreparingfortheexaminationtotakeplacesoon.注意：1.当被修饰的名词或代词是不定式逻辑上的宾语，而该不定式动词又是不及物动词时，应在该动词后加上一个适当的介词．Pleasepassmesomepapertowriteon.There’snothingforustoworryabout.Shehasanicepentowritewith.Heboughtaflatforthefamilytolivein.注意：2.当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，而不定式与所修饰的词是动宾关系时，用主动Hehasmuchworktodo.Shehasatasktofinish.TheteachergavemesomeEnglishbookstoread.1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_______.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_______?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruitC.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper（写上）4.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopen（写）towriteontowritewithII.分词做定语：1.位置：Wecanseetherisingsun