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语法专项------ObjectClause宾语从句一、宾语从句的概念在复合句中充当宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的句子结构：主语+谓语+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句二、宾语从句三要素连接词语序（主句和从句中的时态）（从句要用陈述句语序）时态（一）连接词1.that(陈述句充当宾语从句，用that引导，that无词义，往往可以省去。)2.whether/if（一般疑问句充当宾语从句，用whether/if引导，翻译为“是否”。）3.连接代词（特殊疑问句充当宾语从句）whowhomwhosewhatwhich4.连接副词（特殊疑问句充当宾语从句）whenwhywherehow注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g.1.Ihear(that)hewillbebackinanhour（一小时后他会回来）2.Hesaid(that)hemissedusverymuch（他非常想念我们）3.Theteachertoldus(that)theearthmovesaroundthesun（地球围着太阳转）1.由that引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Askhimwhether(if)hecancome.（他是否能来）2.Idon’tknowwhetheritisgoingtorainornot.（是否要下雨）当句末为ornot时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.2.由if和whether引导的宾语从句只能用whether而不能用if的情况1.Idon’tknow_____hewillcomeornot.2.Idon’tcareof______heishandsome.3.Hewondered______tostayherethenextweek.4.____hewillcomeisnotdecided.与or/ornot连用只能用whether介词后只能用whether与todo不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用whether，whether置于句首1.Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Doyouknowwhomtheyarewaitingfor（他们在等谁）3.Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhaveameeting.（我们什么时候开会）4.Canyoutellmewhereheis.（他在哪儿）5.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation.（我该怎么去车站）6.Wouldyoutellmewhythetrainislate（为什么火车迟到了）3.由连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句1.当陈述句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+that+主语+谓语部分2.当一般疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+if(whether)+主语+谓语部分3.当特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+特殊疑问词+主语+谓语部分宾语从句引导词小结一.选择合适的连接词1Idon’tknow___________ornot.A.whetherheisathomeB.ifheisathomeC.thatheisathomeD.whetherisheathome2Thisdependson_________theweatherisfine.A.whichB.whetherC.ifD.that3Theteacheraskedthenewstudent________classhewasin.A.whichB.whereC.ifD.thatABA4Idon’tknow________Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.He’llhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where5Becareful!Don’tbreakthebottles.Doyouhear______Isaid?David?Yes,MumA.whatB.thatC.whyD.if6Doyouknow_______Mr.Black’saddressis?HemayliveatNO.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.I’mnotsureof______.A.where,whichB.where,whatC.what,whichD.what,whereBAC7Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow_____.A.whatshouldIchooseB.whichIshouldchooseC.whichshouldIchooseD.whatIshouldchooseB(二)时态1.当主句是现在时或将来时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。eg:Weknow(that)Mrs.ChenteachesEnglish.2.主句是过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种eg:Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.3.当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时，宾语从句仍然用现在时态。eg:Hetoldtheboythatthreeplusoneisfour.(三)语序宾语从句要用陈述句语序连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分类型一：语序1.Didyoufindout______?A.shewaslookingforwhosechildB.whosechildwasshelookingforC.whosechildsheislookingforD.whosechildshewaslookingfor2.Areyouinterestedin_____?A.howdidhedoitB.hedidithowC.howhediditD.hehowdidit3.Idon’tknow_____.Canyoutellme?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersareDCD4.Whatdidthescientistsay?Hesaidhewonderedif_____intospacebyspaceshiponeday.A.hehadtoflyB.hecouldflyC.canheflyD.couldhefly5.Excuseme,sir.Couldyoutellme____?A.WherethebanknearestB.whereisthenearestbankC.wherethenearestbankisD.thenearestbankiswhere6.Ihearwe’llhaveanewteacherthisterm.Really?Doyouknow____________________?A.whatsubjectdoesheteachB.Whatsubjectwillheteach?C.whatsubjectishegoingtoteachD.whatsubjectheteachesBCD类型二：时态1.TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25th____ChristmasDay.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe2.Theteachersaidthattheearth_______roundthesun.A.goesB.goC.wentD.willgo3.Ihearthathe______toBeijingyesterday.A.goesB.willgoC.wentD.havegoneAAC4.We’dliketotellyouthatyou______theexam.A.havepassedB.hadpassedC.passD.willpass5.“Couldyoutellme______?”“Yes.They____tothelibrary.”A.wherearethetwins,havebeenB.wherewerethetwins,havebeenC.wherethetwinsare,havegoneD.wherethetwinswere,havegone6.Ourfathersaidthathe______anewcomputernextweek.A.willbuyB.haveboughtC.wouldbuyD.buysACC如果主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，谓语动词是guess，think,believe,suppose,expect等时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.Idon’tthinkhewillcometohelpus.Ibelieveshecansolvetheproblem,can’tshe?否定前移从句的概念句子成分（主谓宾定状补）通常都是单词，这样的句子叫简单句。eg：IloveEnglishverymuch.（我非常喜欢英语。）如果句子里用另一个句子做句子成分，那就是一个复杂句，而做成分的句子叫做从句。eg：IknowthatEnglishisnoteasyforsomeofyoutolearnwell.(我知道学好英语对于你们中的一些人不容易。)Wealllikepeoplewhoarekindandhonest.(我们都喜欢那些善良诚实的人。)YoucanlearnEnglishwellaslongasyouworkhard.(只要你努力学习，你就可以学好英语。)