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R255G38B161R255G234B128R0G86B46R176G165B0R250G64B0R64G77B255WindowsdisplayMacintoshdisplayInkjetprinterC100M100Y0K0C100M0Y100K0C0M100Y100K0C0M0Y100K0C0M100Y0K0C100M0Y0K0US,sheetfedpress,coatedstockJapan,Webpress,uncoatedstockNewsprintColorConsistencyandAdobeCreativeSuiteAchievingconsistentcoloracrossapplicationshastraditionallybeenproblematic.Colormanage-mentisthesolutiontospecifying,creating,andreproducingconsistentcolor,andthenewcolorsettingsoptionssharedbytheAdobe®CreativeSuiteapplicationsmakeiteasiertoimplementcolormanagementacrossapplicationsthaneverbefore.Buttounderstandthesolution,itfirsthelpstounderstandtheproblem.TheColorManagementProblemColormanagementaddressesafundamentalproblemwiththewayweusenumberstorepre-sentcolordigitally.Thecolormodeswemostoftenuse—RGBandCMYK—don’tspecifycolorsunambiguously.Rather,theyhavetheirrootsinthecontrolsignalsthatwesendtoourcolorreproductiondevices—displays,desktopprinters,orevenprintingpresses—tomakethempro-ducesomethingthatwethencanseeandinterpretascolor.TheproblemisthateachdevicewillproduceadifferentcolorwhenwefeeditthesamesetofRGBorCMYKnumbers.Sothescannedimagedoesn’tlookliketheoriginalwhenviewedonscreen,andyourfinalprintedoutputdoesn’tlooklikeeithertheoriginal,ortheon-screenrendition.TABLEOFCONTENTS1TheColorManagementProblem1Device-dependentcolor1TheColorManagementSolution4TheAdobeCommonColorArchitecture—Overview6CalibratingtheMonitor7SettingupaCSF10CreatingandImportingColor11ControllingColor15ColorandPDF17ColorManagementWorkflowWHITEPAPER2Whythediscrepancy?RGBandCMYKnumbersinstructacolorreproductiondevicesuchasadisplayorprinterhowmuchofeachcoloranttouse.Withdisplays,RGBnumberstellthedisplaytofireelectronbeamsofagivenstrengthforthered,green,andbluegunsinthecaseofaCRT,orthestrengthofthered,green,andbluefiltrationinthecaseofanLCD.Withprinters,CMYKnumberstelltheprinterhowmuchcyan,magenta,yellow,andblackinktolaydown.Device-DependentColorTheactualcolorthatresultsdependsonahostofphysicalfactors.ThecolorproducedbyadisplayinresponsetoasetofRGBnumbersdependsonboththedisplay’stonalresponseandtheactualcolorofitsred,green,andbluephosphorsorfilters.Thecolorproducedbyaprinterdependsonthecolorofthepaper,thewaythepaperabsorbsink,andtheactualcolorsofthecyan,magenta,yellow,andblackinks.Allthesepropertiesvary,sometimesdramatically,fromdevicetodevice.Onemonitor’sredphosphormaybeatomatoredwhileanother’sisclosertoafire-enginered.Oneprinter’syellowinkmayhaveagreenishcastwhileanother’stendstowardsorange.TheRGBandCMYKcolormodesareoftencalled“device-dependent”or“device-specific”colorinrecogni-tionofthefactthattheactualcolorproducedbyasetofRGBorCMYKnumbersisdependentonthedevicetowhichthenumbersaresent.TheColorManagementSolutionColormanagementmayappeardauntinglycomplexatfirstglance,butinactuality,colormanage-mentdoesonlytwothings:•ColormanagementattachesaspecificcolorappearancetootherwiseambiguousRGBorCMYKnumbers.•Colormanagementattemptstopreservethatspecificcolorappearancebychangingthenumberstotheonesneededbythetargetdevicetoproducethespecifiedcolor.Toaccomplishthisfeat,colormanagementusesdatafilescalledprofiles,andasoftwareengineusuallyknownasaCMM,orsimplyasthecolormanagementengine.DeviceprofilesdescribethecolorappearancegeneratedbyRGBorCMYKnumbersonaspecificdevice—adisplay,aprinter,ascanner.Thecolormanagementengine,whenaskedtoperformaconversion,changesthenum-bersthatgetsenttodevicesbyusingthedescriptionofthedevices’behaviorintheprofiles,sothatthecolorappearanceispreserved.Whatmakescolormanagementpossible,however,isasetofmathematicalcolormodelsthatusenumberstorepresenttheactualcolorappearancethathumanssee,ratherthanthesetofinstruc-tionsadeviceneedstoproducethatcolor.Becausethecolorspecifiedinthesemodelsisunambig-uousanddoesn’tdependonthequirksofanyparticularcolorreproductiondevice,wecallsuchmodels“device-independent”color.Sincethesecolormodelsrepresentthecolorthatweactuallysee,theyactasauniversaltranslatorbetweendifferentdevices’RGBorCMYKvalues.Device-IndependentColorThenumericalmodelsusedbycolormanagementtorepresentcolorappearanceweredevelopedbytheCommissionInternationaledel’Éclairage(CIE),theinternationalstandardsorganizationchargedwithdevelopingstandardsforallaspectsoflighting.Tousecolormanagementeffectively,youneedn’tconcernyourselfwiththedetailsofthesemodels—theyhaveesotericnamessuchasCIEXYZ(1931)andCIELAB(1976).Allyouneedtounderstandisthatthesemodelsrepresentthehumanexperienceofcolor—theactualappearance—withoutreferencetotheparticularrecipeanygivendevicerequirestoreproducethatcolor.CapturedimageMonitorimageInkjetprinterimageWithoutconversionWithconversion3ProfilesProfilesaredatafilesthatrecordtherelationshipbetweenRGBorCMYKnumbersandthecolorweactuallysee.Deviceprofilesdescribethebehaviorofaphysicaldeviceorclassofphysicaldevices.Forexample,“LetitiaSanchez’sEpson2200PremiumLuster.icc”isaprofilethatdescribestheactualperceivedcolorsthatLetitiaSanchez’sEpson2200printerproducesonPremiumLusterpaperinresponsetodifferentRGBvalues,while“Epson2200PremiumLuster.icc”—aprofileinstalledbytheEpsondriver—describestheaveragepe