红外无损检测技术

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工学硕士学位论文红外无损检测系统研究及建模STUDYANDMODELINGOFINFRAREDNONDESTRUCTIVETESTINGSYSTEM祁东婷哈尔滨工业大学2010年6月国内图书分类号:TN219学校代码:10213国际图书分类号:621.3密级:公开工学硕士学位论文红外无损检测系统研究及建模硕士研究生:祁东婷导师:戴景民教授申请学位:工学硕士学科:仪器科学与技术所在单位:自动化测试与控制系答辩日期:2010年6月授予学位单位:哈尔滨工业大学ClassifiedIndex:TN219U.D.C.:621.3DissertationfortheMasterDegreeinEngineeringSTUDYANDMODELINGOFINFRAREDNONDESTRUCTIVETESTINGSYSTEMCandidate:QiDongtingSupervisor:Prof.DaiJingminAcademicDegreeAppliedfor:MasterofEngineeringSpeciality:InstrumentScienceandTechnologyAffilication:Dept.ofAutomaticTestandControlDateofOralDefense:June,2010DegreeConferringInstitution:HarbinInstituteofTechnology哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文-I-摘要红外无损检测技术是新发展起来的一项无损检测技术,可实现对金属、非金属及复合材料中存在的裂纹、脱粘等缺陷进行检测,具有非接触、检测面积大、速度快、在线检测等优点。但目前国内对该技术的研究还处于起步阶段,大多数都处于实验研究当中,所建立的检测系统也主要依靠进口设备,自主研制的很少。这样就导致红外无损检测设备的研制成本很高,对该项技术的研究及应用很难推广。根据这种情况,本文自主研制了国产化的检测设备,能够达到无损检测的目的,与目前国外的一些设备相比具有结构简单、成本低廉、检测方便等特点。本文对新型红外无损检测技术的基本理论进行了研究,包括一维热传导理论和红外热辐射理论;在此基础上,建立了一种新型的图像信息处理模型——相关算法模型,即通过提取材料表面热波信号的相位信息,来判断其内部缺陷的大小、形状等结构特性。根据以上理论,研制了国产化红外无损检测系统。首先,设计实现了按正弦调制的红外热激励源,对目标进行主动式周期性加热;其次,采用国产制冷型焦平面红外热像仪CCTC-0504对被测目标的表面热波信号进行记录;再次,利用高级语言VisualC++开发了专门的图像处理软件系统,主要实现了红外热图序列中缺陷信息的提取功能;昀后,通过对设计完成的、含不同形状和深度缺陷的A3钢试件进行试验研究证明:该国产化红外无损检测系统可实现对材料内部缺陷形状、大小进行检测,并且检测效果较好。通过对试验结果的分析、对比发现:调制热激励源的调制频率、加载时间及缺陷深度对试验结果均有不同程度的影响。该系统的研制改善了国内红外无损检测系统依靠国外进口的问题,为今后国内该技术的研究和应用提供了有效的手段。关键词:红外热波;国产化设备;相位信息;图像处理;VisualC++哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文-II-AbstractInfraredThermographyNon-destructiveTesting(ITNDT)isanewdevelopedtechnology.Itcandetectthecracks,debondingsinmetal,non-metallicandcompositematerialandisnon-contact,detectionarea,highspeed,on-linedetectionandsoon.ButnowtheresearchinChinaisstillinitsinfancyandresearchphase.Theestablishedtestingsystemdependsondomesticequipmentmuchlessthanimported.Sothedevelopmentcostofinfrarednon-destructivetestingequipmentishigh,andtheresearchandapplicationofthistechnologyisdifficulttopromote.Accordingtothis,theequipmentisresearchindependently,andcanachievethepurposeofnondestructivetesting.Comparedwithsomeequipmentfromabroad,itissimplestructure,lowcost,convenience,etc.Thispaperstudieditsfundamentaltheories,includingonedimensionalheatconductionandinfraredthermalradiationtheory.Basedonthattherelevantalgorithmmodelofinformationprocessingisestablished,andthesize,shapeandotherinformationofinternaldefectsaredeterminedbyextractingthethermalwavesignalphaseinformation.AccordingtothephaseprincipleofNDTlocalizationtestingequipmentwasestablished.Firstly,theincentivelightsourcesystemmodulatedassinewasdesigned.Itcanheatthetargetperiodicallyandinitiatively.Secondly,adomesticuncooledfocalplanearrayinfraredthermalimagernamedCCTC-0504wasusedtorecordthesurfacethermalwavesignaloftarget.Thirdly,thespecialimageprocessingsoftwaresystemiscodedwiththehigh-levellanguageVisualC++.Thesoftwarecanmainlyextractmostinformationofthedefects.Finally,thetestofA3steelsamplewithdifferentshapeanddepthofdefectswasdone,anditprovedthattheequipmentdevelopedinthispapercandetecttheshapeandsizeofinteriordefectseffectually.Throughtheanalysisandcontrastofthetestresult,itdemonstratedthatthefrequencyanddurationofmodulatedincentivesystemandthedepthofdefectsallaffectthetesteffectindifferentdegree.Thedevelopmentofthissystemimprovedtheproblemthatdomesticnon-destructivetestingsystemreliesonimportedequipment,anditprovidedaneffectivemeansforresearchandapplicationofinfrarednon-destructivetestingtechnologyinthefuture.Keywords:Infraredthermography;Localizationequipment;Phaseinformation;Imageprocessing;VisualC++哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文-III-目录摘要.........................................................................................................................IAbstract......................................................................................................................II第1章绪论...............................................................................................................11.1课题背景..........................................................................................................11.1.1课题来源...................................................................................................11.1.2课题研究的目的及意义............................................................................11.2无损检测方法概述...........................................................................................21.2.1传统的无损检测方法................................................................................21.2.2一种新的基于相位法的红外无损检测方法.............................................31.3国内外红外无损检测技术的发展概况...........................................................41.3.1国外红外无损检测研究概况....................................................................41.3.2国内研究进展............................................................................................51.4本课题主要研究内容.......................................................................................6第2章红外无损检测基本原理及建模....................................................................82.1热传导理论......................................................................................................82.2红外热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