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技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解返回目录技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解••文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：1.一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例极少。2.语言转述型。返回目录技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解•这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上充分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。3.语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上，通过上下文来进行分析、判断、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题，分数比例很大。4.是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”(三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。返回目录技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解•5.事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事情发生、发展的正确顺序。•一、细节理解题主要的设题方式有：•1．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE(NOTtrue)?•2．Whichofthequestionshasnotbeenmentioned(ordiscussed)inthepassage?•3．Whatisthereasonthat…？•4．Howdidthepeopleknowthecouple'sproblem?•5．Whywasthebikesoimportanttothecouple?返回目录技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解•二、细节理解题主要的答题策略有：•1．细心审题，直接就题找答案。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法,先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。•2．变通理解，间接转述找答案。细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述，命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生,即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义至关重要。返回目录技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解•3．多点归纳，综合事实找答案。细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据“一面之词”以偏概全草率地得出结论。返回目录例[2013•新课标全国卷Ⅱ](节选)Doctorsareknowntobeterriblepilots.Theydon'tlistenbecausetheyalreadyknowitall.Iwaslucky:Ibecameapilotin1970,almosttenyearsbeforeIgraduatedfrommedicalschool.Ididn'trealizethen,butbecomingapilotmakesmeabettersurgeon.Ilovedflying.AsIflewbigger,fasterplanes,andinworseweather,Ilearnedaboutcrewresourcemanagement(机组资源管理),orCRM,anewideatomakeflyingsafer.Itmeansthatcrewmembersshouldlistenandspeakupforagoodresult,regardlessofpositions.返回目录技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解IfirstreadaboutCRMin1980.Notlongafterthat,anattendingdoctorandIwereflyinginbadweather.Thecontrollerhadusturntoolatetogetourlandingready.Theattendingdoctorwasflying;Iwassafetypilot.Hewassobusybecauseofthebadturn,hehadforgottentoputthelandinggear(起落架)down.Hewasabetterpilot—andmyboss—soitfeltunusualtospeakup.ButIhadto:ourliveswereindanger.Iputasidemyuneasinessandsaid,“Weneedtoputthelandinggeardownnow！”ThatwasmyfirstreallessoninthepowerofCRM,andI'veuseditintheoperatingroomeversince.返回目录技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解36．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdoctorsingeneral?A．Theylikeflyingbythemselves.B．Theyareunwillingtotakeadvice.C．Theypretendtobegoodpilots.D．TheyarequicklearnersofCRM.37．TheauthordeepenedhisunderstandingofthepowerofCRMwhen________．A．hesavedtheplanebyspeakingupB．hewasinchargeofaflyingtaskC．hisbosslandedtheplanetoolateD．hisbossoperatedonapatient返回目录技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解[点睛]这是一篇记叙文。医生要做飞行员会很可怕，原因是他们比较固执，不会听从别人的建议，但是通过作者的亲身经历，发现倾听很重要，提醒也很重要,这件事使作者深有感触。36．B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theydon'tlistenbecausetheyalreadyknowitall.”可以推知，医生通常不喜欢听从别人的建议。37．A细节理解题。文章第二段作者谈到自己的一次经历，联系“…I'veuseditintheoperatingroomeversince.”可知，他通过提醒拯救了飞机。返回目录技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解【活学活用】[2013•山东卷](节选)Jimmyisanautomotivemechanic,buthelosthisjobafewmonthsago.Hehasagoodheart,butalwaysfearedapplyingforanewjob.Oneday,hegatheredupallhisstrengthanddecidedtoattendajobinterview.Hisappointmentwasat10amanditwasalready8：30.Whilewaitingforabustotheofficewherehewassupposedtobeinterviewed,hesawanelderlymanwildlykickingthetyreofhiscar.Obviouslytherewassomethingwrongwiththecar.返回目录技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解Jimmyimmediatelywentuptolendhimahand.WhenJimmyfinishedworkingonthecar，theoldmanaskedhimhowmuchheshouldpayfortheservice.Jimmysaidtherewasnoneedtopayhim;hejusthelpedsomeoneinneed,andhehadtorushforaninterview.Thentheoldmansaid，“Well，Icouldtakeyoutotheofficeforyourinterview.It'stheleastIcoulddo.Please,Iinsist.”Jimmyagreed.返回目录技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解Uponarrival,Jimmyfoundalonglineofapplicantswaitingtobeinterviewed.Jimmystillhadsomegreaseonhimafterthecarrepair,buthedidnothavemuchtimetowashitofforhaveachangeofshirt.Onebyone,theapplicantslefttheinterviewer'sofficewithdisappointedlooksontheirfaces.Finallyhisnamewascalled.Theinterviewerwassittingonalargechairfacingtheofficewindow.Rockingthechairbackandforth,heasked,“Doyoureallyneedtobeinterviewed？”Jimmy'sheartsank.“WiththewayIlooknow,howcouldIpossiblypassthisinterview？”hethoughttohimself.返回目录技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解ThentheinterviewerturnedthechairandtoJimmy'ssurprise,itwastheoldmanhehelpedearlierinthemorning.ItturnedouthewastheGeneralManagerofthecompany.“SorryIhadtokeepyouwaiting,butIwasprettysureImadetherightdecisiontohaveyouaspartofourworkforcebeforeyouevensteppedintothisoffice.Ijustknowyou‘dbeatrustworthyworker.Congratulations！”Jimmysatdownandtheysharedacupofwell-deservedcoffeeashelandedhimselfanewjob.返回目录技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解56．WhydidJimmyapplyforanewjob?A．Hewasoutofwork.B．Hewasboredwithhisjob.C．Hewantedahigherposition.D．Hehopedtofindabetterboss.57．WhatdidJimmyseeonthewaytotheinterview?A．Afriend'scarhadaflattyre.B．Awildmanwaspushingacar.C．Aterriblecaraccidenthappened.D．Anoldman'scarbrokedown.返回目录技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解58．WhydidtheoldmanofferJimmyaride?A．Hewasalsotobeinterviewed.B．Heneededatravellingcompanion.C．Healwayshelpedpeopleinneed.D．HewasthankfultoJimmy.59．HowdidJimmyfeelonhearingtheinterviewer'squestion?A．