3.宾语补足语52

宾语补足语宾语+宾语补足语=复合宾语如:Thesunkeepsuswarm.Iheardhimsinging.Youmustgetyourhaircut.WecallherJenny.Theyfoundhimout.Makeyourselfathome.Theywishyoutogowiththem.宾语补足语是位于宾语之后，说明宾语的状态、特征的成分，多由名词、形容词、副词、不定式，动名词和分词充当。宾语补足语用法:能带宾语补足语的动词一定是及物动词。有以下几类：1。感觉动词，如：see,hear,feel,smell,watch,notice等，这类词所接的宾语补足语可以是-ing形式，也可以是动词原形。如：Heheardadistantvoiceshouting.IcouldsmellChinesevegetablescooking.Didyouseeacarbeingdrivenaway?2。含使动意义的动词，如：let,have,get,make,wouldlike,want这类词所接的宾语补足语多为动词原形或过去分词。如：Wehavejusthadthehouserepaired.Youmustgetthecarrepaired.Atmyschooltheydon’tmakeuswearschooluniform.Theyletuswearwhateverwelike.IwanttheworkfinishedbyJanuary1st.3。含命名意义的动词，如：call,name,appoint,elect,think,choosemake,consider等。这类词所接的宾语补足语一般是名词。如：CallmeJoe,please.Shewaselectedpresidentofthecompany.这类结构和双宾语的结构有形似之处，要注意区别。如：Theyhavemademechairman.(宾补)Theyhavemademeanicechair.(直接宾语)4下列结构中的动词，所接的宾语补足一般是不定式。常见的动词很多，如：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,force,get,help,inspire,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,request,require,teach,tell,train,want,warn,wish等。Theyaskedmetotellyouhowmuchweappreciatedyourhelp.Helpmemovethedesk,willyou?5。如下几个词的用法非常灵活，后面所接的宾补可以是形容词、副词、词组、现在分词、过去分词等。如：Wefounditverydifficulttosolvetheproblem.Howcanyoukeepthemwaitingforsolong?SuddenlyIfoundmywalletstolen.Keepthedoorclosed.drivesb.crazy/mad/wildgetitclean/dirty/wet/open/shutfinditdifficult/easyholditopen/stillkeepitcool/fresh/shutleaveitclean/dirty/open/shutpaintitbrown/redpreferitfriedKeeptheseinheart常见的宾补形式1.名词做宾补⑴Shefoundhimaverycleverboy.⑵TheynamedthechildJimmy.⑶Mymotherlookssoyoungthatwewouldthinkhermysister.用作宾语补足语的名词表示独一无二的职位、头衔、称谓时，其前不能用冠词。例如：Johnwaselectedchairmanofthestudents’union.In1864LincolnwasmadepresidentoftheUnitedStatesforthesecondtime.Thequeenmadehimofficeroftheguard．2.形容词做宾补•Hehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasslivelyandinteresting.•Ifoundthemovieveryinteresting.•Wefounditimportantforchildrentofollowthetablerules.•Johnwearshishairverylong.•Shemadeherhandsdirty.3.副词做宾补•LastSundayIsawyououtwithyoursister.•Haveyourshoeson.•Whenyouhavefinishedyourexperiment,pleasetidythelabandputeverythingbackinthecupboards.•Ifollowedhimin.4.介词短语做宾补Tohersurprise,shefoundherselfinadifferentworld.Ifoundeverythingingoodcondition.Wethoughtthematerialofgreatimportance.Theyacknowledgedhimastheirchief.5.动词–ing形式作宾补在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等感观动词后可以用-ing形式（即现在分词）做宾语补足语。这时-ing形式和句子的宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，并且-ing形式表示宾语正在进行的动作。Hesawagirlgettingonthetractor.=Hesawagirlandthegirlwasgettingonthetractor.Doyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor?①现在分词做宾语补足语，如：•I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.•Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.•Hetriedtostarttheenginerunning.•Thewordsimmediatelysetusalllaughing.注：现在分词做宾语补足语表示动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行，强调动作过程。②现在分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语补足语一般为宾语所做的动作；过去分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：Hesawanoldmangettingonthebus.(Anoldmanwasgettingonthebus.)IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.(ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.)Idon’twantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.(Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.)③以上句子可以变为被动结构，这时宾语补足语就成了主语补足语，与谓语一起称为“复合谓语”，如：Wewerekeptwaitingforquitealongtime.Shewasneverheardsingingthatsongagain.Oneoftheglasseswasfoundbroken.④有些动词既可以用不定式作宾语补足语，又可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，有些动词只能用现在分词作宾语补足语，这些动词是：catch,keep,mind,prevent,remember,stop,start,smell,excuse,spy,send等，Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.We’dbetterkeepthefireburning.Idon’tmindyoujoking.Ilikeit.④Theheavyrainpreventeduscominghereontime.Idon’trememberhimeversayinganythinglikethat.Wemusttrytostopthemgettingintotrouble.Hiswordsstartedmethinkingseriously.Canyousmellsomethingburning?Theearthquakesentthechinaandglasscrashingtotheground.6.动词-ed形式作宾语补足语能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback．Mygrandfatherhadhisoldhouserebuilt．动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法在这一结构中,动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。1.Imustgetmybikerepaired．(宾语补足语)2.Thegirlwasfoundbeatenblackandblue．(主语补足语)(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find,think,suppose,consider等。Wethoughtthegamelost．我们认为球赛输了。Ihaveneverheardhimspokenillofothers.我从未听过有人说他的坏话。Shefeltagreatweighttakenoffhermind．她觉得心里轻松了些。Theyconsideredthemattersettled．他们认为这问题解决了。(2)动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括make,get,have,keep,leave,hold等。Ihavemyhaircutonceamonth．我每个月理一次发。Hewastryingtomakehimselfunderstood．他正努力使别人听懂自己。①(请人)把某事做完。Shehadherhouserepaired．Wheredidyouhaveyourhaircut?“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义：②参遭遇某种意外情况。Hehadhishatblownawayonhiswayhome．Shehadherwalletstolenyesterday.③完成某事(自己也可能参与)。Ihavehadallmyspellingmistakescorrected．Hehashadonethousandyuansavedthisyear．(3)动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like，want,wish,expect,order等”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。Hewon’tlikesuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting．ThestudentswishtheTVserialplayscontinued．学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。(4)过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.Withmanybrightlycoloredflowersplantedaroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden．周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花,他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。分词作宾语补足语共同点：分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。