Ch.6--Samuel

2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清1TheBibleasLiteratureSamuel湖南商学院外国语学院肖美清2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清2•I.Introduction•II.2Samuel11-12•III.Absalom•IV.IdiomsandAllusionLinks2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清3I.Introduction•Author:unknown•Date:sometimeafterIsraelwasdividedintothenorthernandsouthernkingdomsinabout930BC;2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清4•Title:1and2Samuelarenamed•afterthepersonGodusedtoestablish•monarchyinIsrael.Samuelnotonly•anointedbothSaulandDavid,Israel’sfirst•twokings,butalsogavedefinitiontothe•neworderofGod’sruleoverIsrael.2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清5•Themeof1Samuel:•ThenationofIsraeltransitionsfrombeingledbyGodthrough“judges”tobeingbyhimthroughkings;•Themeof2Samuel:•SamuelpresentsthestoryofDavid’s40-yearreign,beginningwithhisrisetobecomeIsrael’smodelkingandendingwithhissubsequentdeclinecausedbysin.2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清6•Samuel’sroleasGod’srepresentativeinthisperiodofIsrael’shistoryisclosetothatofMosessincehe,morethananyotherperson,providedforcovenant（誓约）continuityinthetransitionfromtheruleofthejudgestothatofthemonarchy.2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清7Samuel•Thelastjudge，•apersonofforesight2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清8•Samuelspeakingto•theIsraelites-from•apicturebookof•aboutAD12502020/3/18外国语学院肖美清9•Samuelanoints（抹油使•神圣化）Saul（扫罗）as•thefirstKingof•Israel2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清10DavidplayshisharpforSaul2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清11SaulattackedDavid2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清12David•ThesecondkingofIsrael,whokillsGoliathbyasling（投石器）andastone.2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清13DavidofMichelangelo2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清14II.Samuel11-12DavidandBathsheba2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清15•2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清16DavidandBathsheba,byLucasCranach,15262020/3/18外国语学院肖美清17Bathsheba(1482)byHansMemling2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清18Bathsheba2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清19Film：KingDavid•外国语学院肖美清20III.Absalom•Thethirdsonof•David,andlaterhe•waskilledbecause•ofhisrebellion•againsthisfather.2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清21TheStory•Hannah,themotherofSamuel,•wasbarren（不孕的）,soshepleaded•toGodandeventuallygavebirthtoSamuel.•Afterhewasweaned（断奶）,hisparents•senthimtoEli（伊莱）theJudge.God•calledtohimandmadehimtheJudge•whenElidied.2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清22•WhenSamuelwasthejudgeofIsrael,•theIsraelitesappealtoGodinrequest•ofahumanking,thusGodsentSamuel•toanoint（选定）Saultobetheking.Then•IsraelmovedfromtheAgeofJudgestoa•kingdom.2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清23•AfterSaulcametopower,heledIsraeltowinalotofbattlesandbecameapowerfulcountry.However,hedidwrongintheeyesofGod.GodchoseDavidtoreplacehimastheking.ThusSaulwasjealousofDavid.2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清24•David,whenhewasyoung,killed•Goliathandwonthebattleagainst•Philistinesandthuswasadvocatedby•Israelites.SaulmarriedMichal（米甲）to•Davidandtriedtokillhim.Withthehelp•ofhiswife,Davidfledaway.2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清25•SaulwasinpursuitofDavid.However,DavidgaveupthechancesofkillingSaulfortwice.Intheend,Saulcommittedsuicideinthebattleagainstphilistines,whileDaviddestroyedtheAmalekitesandhisarmybecamestrongerandstronger.2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清26TheReputationofSaul•TwoopposingviewsofSaularefound•inclassicalrabbinical（犹太法学专家的）•literature.Oneisbasedonthereverselogic•thatpunishmentisaproofofguilt,and•thereforeseekstorobSaulofanyhalo（光环、•荣光）whichmightsurroundhim.Thesecond•viewofSaulmakeshimappearinthemost•favorablelightasman,ashero,andasking.2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清27•AfterSaul’sdeath,Davidkilledthe•manwhoclaimedhimselfkilledSaul,and•lamented（哀悼）forSaulandJonathan（约•拿单）.ThenDavidwasanointedKingover•Judah.However,therewasstillawar•betweentheHousesofDavidandSaul.2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清28TheWar•Ish-Bosheth,sonofSaul,wasmade•thekingfortwoyearsandhadwar•againstDavid.Inthewar,Abnerkilled•Asahel.LaterAbnerwentovertoDavidand•wasmurderedbyJoab.ThenIsh-Boshethwas•murderedtoo,andDavidputdeathpenaltyto•themurderers.2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清29•TheresultofthewaristhatDavid•becameKingoverIsraelandconquered•Jerusalem.Godpromisedhimthat“your•houseandyourkingdomwillendure•foreverbeforeme;yourthronewillbe•establishedforever.”Afterthat,Davidwon•aseriesbattlesagainstotherpeoples.2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清30Absalom•AfterhissisterTamarwasrapedby•David'seldestson,Amnon,Absalom,after•waitingtwoyears,avengedherbysendinghis•servantstomurderAmnonatafeasttowhichhe•hadinvitedalltheking'ssons.Afterthisdeedhe•fledtoTalmai,thekingofGeshur,hismaternal•grandfather,anditwasnotuntilthreeyearslater•thathewasfullyreinstatedinhisfather'sfavour•andfinallyreturnedtoJerusalem.2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清31TheRevolt（起义）atHebron•WhileatJerusalemAbsalombuilt•supportforhimselfamongthe•populace（百姓）bypromisingjusticefor•allifonlyIwereappointedjudgeinthe•land“,andbyshowinghumility（谦虚）by•kissingthosewhoapproachedhimrather•thanacceptingsupplication（祈祷）.2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清32•Afterfouryearshedecidedtodeclare•himselfkingandraisedarevoltat•Hebron,theformercapital.AllIsrael•andJudahflockedtohisside,andDavid,•attendedonlybytheCherethitesand•Pelethitesandsomerecentrecruitsfrom•Gath,founditexpedienttoflee.•ThepriestsZadokandAbiathar2020/3/18外国语学院肖美清33•remainedbehindinJerusalem,and•theirsonsJonathanandAhimaaz•servedasDavid'sspies.Absalom•reachedthecapitalandtookcounselwith•therenownedAhithophel.•DavidtookrefugefromAbsalom's•forcesbeyondtheJordanRiver.However,•hetooktheprecaut