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Unit7RoboticTotalStation（智能型全站仪）Formanyyears,theopticaltransitwasthesurveyor’stoolofchoicetomeasureangles.（多年以来，光学【optical】经纬仪一直是测量人员测角的工具选择）Bythe1970s,however,theelectronictheodolitebegantoreplacethetransitsinceitcouldmeasureanglesmoreaccuratelyonboththehorizontalandverticalaxes.（然而，20世界70年代，由于【since】它在水平轴和垂直轴方向上测角更精确【就是水平角竖直角】，电子经纬仪开始代替经纬仪。）Intheearly1980s,“totalstations,”whichmeasuredistancesveryaccuratelybyusingelectronicdistancemeters(EDMs),becametheinstrumentofchoice.（80年代早期，采用EDMs非常精确的测距的全站仪，成为测量仪器的选择。）Theninlate1990,Geodimeter,DandrydSwedenintroducedthefirst“robotictotalstation”addingautomatictrackingandradiocommunicationtoaradioanddatacollectoratthe“target”orpole.（然后在90年代后期，瑞典Dandryd【应该是瑞典的一个地名】Geodimeter【公司名】，推出【introduce介绍、提出】了第一台“智能型全站仪”，在“目标”或测杆上增加了一个有自动跟踪【automatictracking】和无线电通讯【radiocommunication】功能的信号和数据收集器）Thus,forthefirsttime,nopersonwasrequiredattheinstrument——onlyatthetarget,reducingthesizeofasurveycrew.（这样，第一次，仪器不再需要人——除了目标点，减少了测量人员）TotalStation（全站仪）Atotalstationisthemostcommonlyusedinstrumentsnowingeomaticsengineering,whichisfullyintegratedinstrumentthatcaptureallthespatialdatanecessaryfora3-dimensionalpositionalinformation.（全站仪是现在测绘工程中使用最普遍的仪器，完全综合的【fullyintegrated考虑到平时介绍全站仪的词句，我们可以翻译为全站型】仪器，可以获取所有的反映3维空间位置信息所需的空间数据。）Atotalstationintegratesthefunctionsofanelectronictheodoliteformeasuringangles,anEDMformeasuringdistances,digitaldataandadatarecorder.（全站仪整合了电子经纬仪的测角功能和EDM的测距功能，以及？？和数据存储器的功能）Alltotalstationshavesimilarconstructionalfeaturesregardlessoftheirageorleveloftechnology,andallperformbasicallythesamefunctions.（不管他们工艺的年代和水平如何，所有的全站仪的结构【constructional构造的feature特征】都是类似的【similar】，都能基本【basically基本地】完成相同的功能）Aftertheinstrumenthasbeensetuponacontrolstation,centered,leveledandproperlyoriented,andtheprismtargethasbeensetupoveranotherpointwhosepositionistobemeasured,thesurveyormayfocusthetargetanddepressabutton.（在控制点上安置仪器、对中、整平和恰当的【properly】定向【orient确定方向、东方】之后，棱镜【prism】目标【目标棱镜】置于测点之上，测量人员就可以照准【focus】目标并按动按钮。）ThenoutputfromthehorizontalandverticalcircularencodersandfromtheEDMcanbedisplayedattheinstrumentandstoredinadatacollectorandentersintoabuilt-inmicroprocessor.（然后水平和竖直编码【encoder编码器】度盘和EDM的输出结果可以显示在仪器上，并可以存储在数据收集里，送入内置的【built-in】微处理器）Themicroprocessorcanconvertthemeasuredslopedistancetothehorizontaldistanceusingthemeasuredverticalorzenithangle.（微处理器可以将测得的斜距利用测得的竖直角或天顶距转化【convert】为平距）Themicroprocessoralsocomputesthedifferenceinelevationbetweentheinstrumentcenterandtheprismtarget.（微处理器还可以计算仪器中心和棱镜目标【目标棱镜】之间的高差）Iftheelevationoftheinstrumentcenter(theHI)andtheheightofthereflectortarget(theHT)abovethegroundareentered,themicroprocessorcomputestheelevationofthetargetstationtakingintoaccounttheeffectofcurvatureandrefraction.（如果仪器中心的高程（HI）和反射目标到地面的高度（HT）输入仪器，微处理器在考虑【takeintoaccount】地球曲率和折光影响后就可以计算出目标站点的高程）Furthermorethemicroprocessorcanalsocomputetheresolutionofthehorizontaldistancetogetherwiththecurrenthorizontaldirection,expressedasanazimuth,intoacoordinateofthetargetstation.（此外，微处理器还可以由水平距离和【togetherwith】当前水平方向——表示为方位角【azimuth】，计算出目标点的坐标）【resolution分析、决定n.】Inconstructionlayoutmeasurement,thedatanecessarytoestablishthedirectionanddistancefromacontrolpointtolocateaconstructionpointcanbeenteredintotheinstrumentviathekeyboardordirectlyfromanofficecomputer.（在建筑施工放样测量工作中，在控制点上为建筑点位定位所需的方向和距离数据，可以由【via经过】键盘或直接由办公室的计算机出入到仪器中去）Thenthesurveyorguidesthepersonholdingtheprismalongthelineofcomputeddirectionuntilthedistancetothepointtobelocatedagreeswiththecomputeddistance.（然后，测量人员引导持棱镜的人沿着计算出的方向线前行，直到到所定点距离于计算出的距离相吻合为止）Alldisplayedoutputscanalsoberecordedorstoredinelectronicfieldbookforfurthercalculationsinacomputer.（所有显示的输出结果也可以记录或存储在外业电子手簿当中，用以在计算机中进一步的计算）Totalstationsallowthemeasurementofmanypointsonasurfacebeingobservedwithinaveryshorttimerange.（全站仪使得【allow使得……得以发生】在观测范围内，非常短时间内对多点进行观测称为可能）RoboticTotalStation（智能型全站仪）Alate1980sadaptionofthetotalstationistheadditionofservomotorstodriveboththehorizontalandtheverticalmotionsoftheseinstruments.（80年代末，全站仪改进【adaption改变、改写】是加入伺服【servo】电动机【motor】，用以驱动仪器的水平和垂直移动【motion】）Forallthecomplexelectronicsinsidearobotictotalstation,themotionisstillprovidedbysimpleservomotorswithareductiongearsystem.（在智能型全站仪内所有的复杂的电子元件，它们的活动仍然是由简单的带有一个变速【reduction变速、减速】齿轮系统的伺服电动机提供的）Theendresultmustbelightweight,durableandfastandhavesub-secondpositioningaccuracy.（最终结果必定是，质量轻【原文应该是lightweight，中间有空格；lightweight的意思是轻量级选手、不胜任者】，耐用的和快速的、有着亚秒级定位精度的）Whenthosetotalstationshavebeendesignedwithautomatictargetrecognition(ATR)function,theyallowtheusertoautomaticallytrack,measureandrecordtargets.（当带有自动目标识别功能【automatictargetrecognition】的全站仪被设计出后，自动跟踪【track】、测量和记录目标得以实现。）Currenttechnologyprovidesrobotic(motorized)totalstationsthatareabletomeasureangleswithanaccuracyof±0.5″anddistanceswithanaccuracyof±1mm+1ppmtoarangeof3500m.（当前的技术能够使智能型全站仪在3500m的范围内的测角精度达到±0.5″，测距精度达到±1mm+1ppm）Latestmodelsarecapableofsearchingautomaticallyfortargetsandthenlockingontothemprecisely,turninganglesautomaticallytodesignatedpointsusingtheuploadedcoordinatesofthosepoints,repeatinganglesbyautomaticallydouble-centering,andevenequip