2012届高三英语大一轮复习课件(牛津版创新设计)：第一部分高频语法 第四章 非谓语

非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词测试△非谓语动词讲解△第四章非谓语动词一、不定式1.不定式作主语不定式可直接放在句首作主语。有时也用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式放在后面，以避免头重脚轻，保持句子结构的平衡。非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词测试【例1】________Englishtodayisthemostimportanttasktome.A.StudyB.BeingstudiedC.StudiedD.Tostudy答案：D【例2】Itismyhonor________heretospendsometimewithyou.A.tobeinvitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.toinvite答案：A非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词测试2.不定式作表语不定式作表语，通常说明或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作。【例3】Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier，________itmoredifficult.A.notmakingB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.tonotmake答案：C【例4】Todaymyjobis________alltheflowersinthegarden.A.waterB.havingwateredC.towaterD.watered答案：C非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词测试3.不定式作宾语英语中有些动词常跟不定式作宾语。这类动词有：want，wish，hope，expect，agree，decide，learn，pretend，ask，promise，plan，refuse，beg，demand，manage，offer，prepare，claim，struggle等。【例5】Weagreed________here，butsofarshehasnotturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet答案：C【例6】Whenhisfathercameback，theboypretended________hishomework.A.doingB.todoC.doneD.tobedoing答案：D【例7】ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle________.A.tobeheardB.tohearC.beingheardD.hearing答案：A非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词测试4.不定式作宾补(1)有些动词(短语)后面常接带to的不定式作宾补。这类动词有：consider，get，remind，advise，allow，ask，beg，encourage，force，invite，expect，order，permit，persuade，require，want，warn，wish，teach，cause，tell，command，callon，counton，relyon，dependon，longfor，waitfor，wouldlike等。但hope，suggest，agree，demand，arrange等动词后不能接sb.todosth.结构。【例8】Wecan’tcountonamanlikeJim________usthenecessaryhelp.A.togiveB.givingC.tobegivenD.given答案：A非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词测试(2)有些动词，主要是感官动词和使役动词，它们的后面可接不带to的不定式作宾补，如：see，notice，observe，feel，hear，have，make，let等，但如果是在被动语态的句子中，就要用带to的不定式作主补。【例9】Myparentshavealwaysmademe_______aboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.A.feelingwellB.feelinggoodC.feelwellD.feelgood答案：D非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词测试5.不定式作定语(1)不定式用在thefirst，thesecond，thelast，theonly等短语后面作定语。【例10】Johnwasthelastman________dinnerinourfamily.A.tobeinvitedforB.tobeinvitedtoC.invitedforD.invitingto答案：B(2)不定式作定语，与被修饰的中心词之间常表现为主谓关系或动宾关系。ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.(主谓关系)Itwasagametoberemembered.(动宾关系)【例11】Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine________theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms.(2010·上海)A.reducingB.toreduceC.reducedD.reduce答案：B非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词测试6.不定式作状语(1)作原因状语。不定式常可跟在某些形容词或动词后面作原因状语。【例12】Wewereastonished_______thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(2010·辽宁)A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefind答案：B(2)作目的状语。不定式作目的状语既可放在句首也可放在句尾。但为了加强语气，也可用“soastodo”或“inordertodo”结构作目的状语。inorderto既可放在句首也可放在句尾，soasto一般不置于句首。【例13】WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner，Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank________presentsformydad.(2010·全国Ⅰ)A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought答案：B非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词测试【例14】________losehisjob，Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident.A.InordertonotB.InordernottoC.TonotD.Soasnotto答案：B(3)作结果状语。具体形式是：too＋adj./adv.＋todo意为“太……而不能”；adj./adv.＋enough＋todo意为“足以……”；only/justtodo表示出乎意料的结果。【例15】Doyouthinkyouarebraveenough________bungeejumping？A.tryingB.intryingC.totryD.andtry答案：C【例16】Hehurriedtothestation，only________thetrainhadleft.A.findingB.foundC.tofindD.find答案：C(4)用于“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构。该结构中的形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，comfortable，fit，convenient，pleasant等，不定式与句子的主语是动宾关系，不定式常用主动形式，且不定式必须是及物动词。非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词测试【例17】Thearmchairisverycomfortable________.A.tositB.tositinC.sittinginD.forsittingdown答案：B【例18】Wefoundtheexercisedifficult________withoutthehelpoftheEnglishteacher.A.tobedoneB.todoC.todoitD.ofdoing答案：B非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词测试7.“疑问词＋不定式”结构此结构相当于名词的功能，即作主语、宾语、表语等成分。不定式一般只用主动式不用被动式。疑问词须作不定式的相应成分。【例19】—It’snousehavingideasonly.—Don’tworry.Petercanshowyou________toturnanideaintoanact.(2010·辽宁)A.howB.whoC.whatD.where答案：A非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词测试【例20】Thepoliceofficerwantstoknowwhatmeasures________tofindthemurdererassoonaspossible.A.totakeB.tobetakenC.takenD.beingtaken答案：A【例21】IwasmadetowritealetterinEnglish，butIdon’tknow________.A.whattowriteaboutB.howtobeginwithC.howtowriteaboutD.whattobegin答案：A非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词测试8.不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态变化往往是相对于谓语动词而言的，如果不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，用不定式的一般式；如果不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，用不定式的完成式。不定式的语态变化往往针对其逻辑主语而言，如果不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者，用不定式的被动式。非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词测试【例22】ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang，whowasreported________theworldrecordinthe110­meterhurdlerace.(2007·辽宁)A.breakingB.havingbrokenC.tohavebrokenD.tobreak答案：C【例23】Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing，buttheone________firstisthelibrary.(2010·重庆)A.repairedB.beingrepairedC.repairingD.toberepaired答案：D非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词测试二、动名词动名词主要起名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语，一般不作状语，有各种形式的变化。1.动名词作主语动名词可直接放在句首作主语。有时也用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动名词放在后面。注意：nouse，nogood作表语时，真正的主语常用动名词，一般不用不定式。【例24】Inmymind，________thatfamousuniversitywillbetheonlywaytobecomeaworld­classwriter.A.attendingB.attendedC.attendD.havingattended答案：A【例25】Itisnouse________withhimatthistime.A.talkB.totalkC.talkingD.talked答案：C非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词测试2.动名词作宾语(1)有些动词(短语)后面要求跟动名词作宾语。常见的后跟动名词作宾语的动词有：mind，finish，enjoy，excuse，imagine，keep，practice，suggest，miss，consider，prevent，appreciate，advise，avoid，allow，admit，delay，escape，permit，forbid，can’thelp(情不自禁)，feellike，keepon，giveup，lookforwardto，devote...to，getusedto，payattentionto，befondof，beworth等。【例26】Hedidn’tfeellike________，soshesuggested________anEnglishletterrightaway.A.reading；practisingw