ResearchPaper

孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院WritingAResearchPaper孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院WhatisaResearchPaper•Aresearchpaperpresentstheresultsofyourinvestigationsonascientifictopic.•Aresearchpapershouldbeauniqueandappropriateintegrationofevidenceyouhavelocatedoutsideyourselfandpersonalinsights孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院Purpose•Tocommunicatetheresultsofscientificinvestigation•Topresentinformationsothatitiseasytoretrieve•Topresentenoughinformationthatthereadercanduplicatethescientificstudy孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院Process•SearchforSourcesGatherinformationfromauthoritativereferencesources–Usedifferenttypesofsources•Library•ElectronicServicesandInternet•Books,encyclopedias,andarticlesinmagazinesandjournals•Checkindicesofperiodicalsandnewspapers.•Checkthebibliographyofabook–Keepalistofallthesourcesinclude:titleofsource,author,publisher,andplaceanddateofpublication孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院Process•EvaluateSources–Useindexcards,onefactorideapercard–Giveeachnoteadescriptiveheading–Includesourceoneachindexcard–Summarizeinformationinyourownwords–Putquotationmarksaroundcopiedinformation孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院Process孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院Process•OrganizeIdeasUsingtheinformationcollectedontheindexcardstodevelopanoutlinetoorganizeyourideas.–Outlineisaninformallistofmaintopicsandsubtopics–Outlineshouldbeorganizedaccordingtoyourpurposes–Outlinecanhelpyouorganizethematerialanddiscoverconnectionsbetweenpiecesofinformation–Finaloutlineshouldenhancetheorganizaitionandcoherenceofyourresearchpaper孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院Process孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院Process•WriteaDraft孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院Process•DocumentSources–In-textcitation–EnddocumentationReferencesListorWorksCited–Footnotesincludingcitationsatthebottomofeachpage–Endnotes:endofthepapergatheringcitationsandreferencelistsattheendofthepaper孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院Process•WriteaBibliographyAbibliographyisalistofthesourcesyouusedtogetinformationforyourpaper–Includedattheendofpaper–Listsourcesinalphabeticalorderbyauthors'lastnames(ortitle)孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院Process•RevisetheDraftDealingwithunderlyingissues–Rethinkingyourideas–Refiningyourarguments–Reorganizingparagraphs–Rewordingsentences孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院Process•ProofreadtheFinalDraftDealingwithsurfacedetailsandpresentation–Checkingspelling–Checkinggrammar–Checkingverbtenses孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院GeneralStyle•Tomakeapaperreadable–Printortypeusinga12pointstandardfont,suchasTimes,Geneva,Bookman,Helvetica,etc.–Textshouldbedoublespacedon81/2x11paperwith1inchmargins,singlesided–Numberpagesconsecutively–Starteachnewsectiononanewpage–Adheretorecommendedpagelimits孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院GeneralStyle•Inallsectionsofyourpaper–Stayfocusedontheresearchtopicofthepaper–Useparagraphstoseparateeachimportantpoint(exceptfortheabstract)–Presentyourpointsinlogicalorder–Usepresenttensetoreportwellacceptedfacts-forexample,'thegrassisgreen'–Usepasttensetodescribespecificresults-forexample,'Whenweedkillerwasapplied,thegrasswasbrown'–Avoidinformalwording,addressingthereaderdirectly,andjargonorslangterms–Avoiduseofsuperfluouspictures-includeonlythosefiguresnecessarytopresentingresults孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院CompositionSix-partstandardformat–Title–Abstract–Introduction–MethodsandMaterials–Results–Discussion孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院Composition•TitleTitleisthesubjectandwhataspectofthesubjectwasstudied,andapithysummaryofthearticle'smainfocus.Itshouldbeinformative,specificandlimited.Example:TheRadio-FrequencySingle-ElectronTransistor(RF-SET):AFastandUltrasensitiveElectrometer孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院Composition•AbstractAnabstractisaconcisesingleparagraphsummaryofcompletedworkorworkinprogress.Thesummaryshouldbetwohundredwordsorless.Itshouldstatethegoals,results,andthemainconclusionsofyourstudy.孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院CompositionAbstractSummarizethestudy,includingthefollowingelementsinanyabstract.Trytokeepthefirsttwoitemstonomorethanonesentenceeach.•Purposeofthestudy-hypothesis,overallquestion,objective•Modelorganismorsystemandbriefdescriptionoftheexperiment•Results,includingspecificdata-preferablyquantitativeifthatistheformtakenbythedata;resultsofanystatisticalanalysisshouldbereported•Importantconclusionsorquestionsthatfollowfromtheexperiments孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院CompositionAbstract-Style•Singleparagraph,andconcise.Standonitsown•Asasummaryofworkdone,itisalwayswritteninpasttense•Anabstractshouldstandonitsown,andnotrefertoanyotherpartofthepapersuchasafigureortable•Focusonsummarizingresults-limitbackgroundinformationtoasentenceortwo,ifabsolutelynecessary•Whatyoureportinanabstractmustbeconsistentwithwhatyoureportedinthepaper•Correctspelling,clarityofsentencesandphrases,andproperreportingofquantities(properunits,significantfigures)arejustasimportantinanabstractastheyareanywhereelse孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院Composition•Abstract-Tips•Writeafterthepaperiscompleted•Takemainsentencesfromeachofyoursections–Anintroductorysentence,–Asentencestatingthespecificquestionaddressed,–Asentencelistingyourmaintechniquesorprocedures,–Twoorthreesentencesdescribingyourresults,and–Onesentencedescribingyourmainconclusion.孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院Composition•IntroductionThepurposeofanintroductionistoacquaintthereaderwiththerationalebehindthework,withtheintentionofdefendingit.Itplacesyourworkinatheoreticalcontext,andenablesthereadertou