©2003FirmName/LegalEntityALMTools&Techniques-RobertChenALM工具与技巧—RobertChenALMTools&Techniques.资产负债管理工具与技巧RobertChen,FIAA,FIA陈铂澳大利亚精算师、英国精算师June/July2005(2005年6月/7月)©2005DeloitteActuarialandInsuranceSolutions(HK)Ltd.2ALMTools&Techniques-RobertChenALM工具与技巧—RobertChenContents目录•TheALMproblem(资产负债管理问题)•TheALMtoolkit–Assets(资产负债管理工具—资产)•TheALMtoolkit–Liabilities(资产负债管理工具—负债)•Roleofacrediblemodel(可靠模型的角色)•TheactuaryastheALMmanager(精算师担任资产负债管理经理)©2003FirmName/LegalEntityALMTools&Techniques-RobertChenALM工具与技巧—RobertChenTheALMProblem.资产负债管理问题.©2005DeloitteActuarialandInsuranceSolutions(HK)Ltd.4ALMTools&Techniques-RobertChenALM工具与技巧—RobertChenTheALMProblem–thebusinessofalifeinsurer资产负债管理问题—寿险公司的业务Liabilities负债Sales销售OtherProceeds其他收益ShareholderCapital股东资本Assets资产Investment/Ownuse投资/自用Businesscosts(expenses,tax,etc)业务成本(费用、税收等)PolicyholderBenefits/Bonuses保户理赔/红利ShareholderProfit股东利润“Reserves”“储备金”FreeAssets自由资产©2005DeloitteActuarialandInsuranceSolutions(HK)Ltd.5ALMTools&Techniques-RobertChenALM工具与技巧—RobertChen•Policyholders保户•Certaintyoftheinsurerbeingabletomeetguarantees保险公司可以实现保证的可能性•Insurer’sabilityofprovidingattractivediscretionarybenefits保险公司能够提供具有吸引力的投资回报•Shareholders股东•Highrateofreturnoninvestmentinthelongrun(certainlynotnegative!)长期保持高资本投资回报率(当然不是负回报率!)•Aleveloffluctuationinprofitscommensuratewiththerequiredrateofreturn利润波动幅度与要求回报率相当TheALMProblem–desiresofstakeholders资产负债管理问题—利益相关人士的期望©2005DeloitteActuarialandInsuranceSolutions(HK)Ltd.6ALMTools&Techniques-RobertChenALM工具与技巧—RobertChen•What’sincommon共同之处•Highestpossiblerateofreturn尽可能取得昀高回报率•Forthelowestrisk(littlefluctuation)承担昀低风险(保持平稳的水平)•Theyare“lossaverse”“避免损失”TheALMProblem–desiresofstakeholders资产负债管理问题—利益相关人士的期望©2005DeloitteActuarialandInsuranceSolutions(HK)Ltd.7ALMTools&Techniques-RobertChenALM工具与技巧—RobertChen•Highlevelofassetsandliabilities大量的资产与负债•Profitisthedifferenceof4largenumbers利润是4个大数目的差额•[TotalAssets(t)–TotalAssets(t-1)][总资产(t)–总资产(t-1)]–[TotalLiabs(t)–TotalLiabs(t-1)]–[总负债(t)–总负债(t-1)]•Moreusefultolookatprofitonamarketvaluebasis应用市场一致的方法来测量利润•TotalAssets=Marketvalueoftotalassets总资产=总资产的市场价值•TotalLiabilities=Marketvalueofliabilities总负债=总负债的市场价格TheALMProblem–thechallengeforalifecompany资产负债管理问题—寿险公司面临的挑战©2005DeloitteActuarialandInsuranceSolutions(HK)Ltd.8ALMTools&Techniques-RobertChenALM工具与技巧—RobertChen•Policiessoldtodayaffectprofitsfarintothefuture今天售出的保单将影响以后许多年的利润•Anassuranceismadeatthesale销售时寿险公司做出保证•Thatassuranceiscontingent此保证具有随机性•Notjustafinancialassurance不仅仅是财务保证,还有•Demographic死亡率、全残率等•Policyholderbehaviour保户行为•Operationalprofits(expenses,etc.)经营利润(费用等)•Futureregulatorychanges未来法规变动TheALMProblem–thechallengeforalifecompany资产负债管理问题—寿险公司面临的挑战©2005DeloitteActuarialandInsuranceSolutions(HK)Ltd.9ALMTools&Techniques-RobertChenALM工具与技巧—RobertChen•Profitonamarketvaluebasiscanbeinherentlyunstableandunpredictable用市场价值基础测量的利润或许是不稳定的、不可预测的•“Accountingprofit”maybestable,butitdoesnotreflectchangeineconomicvalue“账面利润”也许是稳定的,但它并不完全反映经济价值的变化•ALMgivesthecompanymorecontrolovertheeconomicprofit资产负债管理可提高公司对其经济利润的控制能力TheALMProblem–thechallengeforalifecompany资产负债管理问题—寿险公司面临的挑战©2005DeloitteActuarialandInsuranceSolutions(HK)Ltd.10ALMTools&Techniques-RobertChenALM工具与技巧—RobertChen•Availabilityofsuitableassets是否可得到适当的资产•Constrainedby受以下因素限制•Rangeofproductsintheassetmarket资产市场的产品范围•Depthoftheassetmarket资本市场的深度•Accesstotheassetmarket进入资本市场的权限•Regulatoryrestrictions法规限制TheALMProblem–Otherconstraints资产负债管理问题—其他限制因素©2005DeloitteActuarialandInsuranceSolutions(HK)Ltd.11ALMTools&Techniques-RobertChenALM工具与技巧—RobertChen•Availabilityofsuitableliabilities是否可得到适当的负债•Constrainedby受以下因素限制•Sophisticationofintermediaries中介人的资历/知识•Sophisticationofcustomers客户的资历/知识•Costofeducatingthemarket进行市场教育的成本•Regulatoryrestrictions法规限制TheALMProblem–Otherconstraints资产负债问题—其他限制因素©2005DeloitteActuarialandInsuranceSolutions(HK)Ltd.12ALMTools&Techniques-RobertChenALM工具与技巧—RobertChen•Industryenvironment行业环境•CanthecompanyadoptsoundALMandstillremaincompetitive?公司可以采纳稳健的资产负债且同时保持竞争优势吗?TheALMProblem–Otherconstraints资产负债问题—其他限制因素©2005DeloitteActuarialandInsuranceSolutions(HK)Ltd.13ALMTools&Techniques-RobertChenALM工具与技巧—RobertChen•Maximisestakeholdervalueofthecompanythroughfinancialmanagement通过财务管理,达到昀高的公司股东价值•Extensivemanagementtoolkit广泛的管理工具•Assetsidetools资产类工具•Liabilitysidetools负债类工具•(Usuallydifficulttoseparatebetweenthecategories)(这两类通常很难单独分开)TheALMProblem–theA-LManager资产负债问题—资产负债经理©2005DeloitteActuarialandInsuranceSolutions(HK)Ltd.14ALMTools&Techniques-RobertChenALM工具与技巧—RobertChen•Challengeiscompounded/alleviatedby:以下两项则恶化/缓解资产负债管理的挑战:•Operationalresults经营业绩•Regulatorymeasures监管措施TheALMProblem–theA-LManager资产负债问题—资产负债经理©2003FirmName/LegalEntityALMTools&Techniques-RobertChenALM工具与技巧—RobertChenAssettools.资产工具.©2005DeloitteActuarialandInsuranceSolutions(HK)Ltd.16ALMTools&Techniques-RobertChenALM工具与技巧—RobertChen•Lifeofficesare(large)investmentmanagers寿险公司是(大型)投资经理人•Investmentobjectives:投资目标:1.Tomeetliabilities偿还负债2.Tomaximisereturn获得昀高回报Lifeofficeassetmanagement寿险公司资产管理©2005DeloitteActuarialandInsurance