状语从句

中考语法：状语从句By李仰概说状语从句即指在主从复合句用作状语的从句。按照其意义，状语从句可分为时时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等。学习状语从句主要应注意引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与区别，以及从属连词在一定的语言环境中的意义与用法。目录1.时间状语从句2.让步状语从句3.原因状语从句4.目的状语从句5.结果状语从句6.条件状语从句7.比较状语从句8.方式状语从句；地点状语从句。（补充）时间状语从句连词whenWhen的用法1）描述将来(“主将从现”)(这个内容也适用于if引导的条件状语从句中。)WhenIreceiveyouremail,Iwillreplysoon.2）描述过去当我打开门时，我被我所看到的东西震惊了。WhenIopenedthedoor,IwasshockedatwhatIsaw.时间状语从句连词whileWhile的用法1)基本意思是“当……时候”，还有一个用法表示对比Whilehewaseatinghisbreakfast,heheardthedoorbellring.Somecoursesincollegearerequiredwhileothersareoptional.Honestyisavirtuewhilegreedisanevil.时间状语从句连词while选词填空：Tomisveryoutgoing,_____(when/while/as)Janeisshyandquiet.Somepeoplewastefood____(as/when/while)othershaven’tenough.时间状语从句连词while2)虽然，尽管（约等于although)WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Ican’tagreewithyou.WhileIthinklivinginpovertyisbad,Idon‘tcareaboutmoney.和although相比，while语气比较弱，比较口语化。Although正式，语气也强烈。时间状语从句连词asas多用在口语中，强调“同一时间”或“一前一后”，有时还有“随着”的含义。TheboardsplitasIsawedit.考题1____hewasgoingout,itbegantosnow.(强调两个动作先后发生)A.AfterB.WhileC.AsD.Till比较while,when,as1)as,when引导短暂性动作的动词。Justas/Justwhen/WhenIstoppedmycar,amancameuptome.2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as或while。Whenyouhavefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.做完工作后你能休息一下。时间状语从句连词when3)从句表示随时间推移连词能用as，不用when或while。Asthedaywenton,theweathergotworse.随着时间的推移，天气越来越差。考题1(上海崇明)I’llgivethemessagetoherassoonasshe_______.A.isreturningB.returnsC.willreturnD.returned时间状语从句连词beforeBefore的用法Longbefore+事件(在...以前很久),beforelong=soon(不久以后),notlongbefore+事件(不久),他出生以前很久祖父已经过世。Longbeforehewasborn,hisgrandfatherdied.他出生前不久，祖父过世了。Hisgrandfatherdiednotlongbeforehisbirth.时间状语从句连词bythetimeBythetime用法Bythetime+过去时间：到...时间(句子主句要用过去完成时)Theotherstudentshadfinishedeatinglunchbythetimetheboyenteredtheschoolcanteen.到那个男孩进入学校食堂时，其他学生已经吃好中饭了。回顾：By+将来时间搭配什么时态？时间状语从句连词assoonasassoonas1)讲过去的事情他一到家里，就打开所有的灯和能发出声音的电器。Heopenedallthelightsandappliancesthatcanmakenoiseassoonashereachedhome.2)讲一般的情况Researchersfoundthatwomenareovercomebyaburningdesiretosharegossipassoonastheyhearit.研究发现女人一听到八卦消息就有一种强烈的欲望想去分享它。时间状语从句连词themomentThemoment/thesecond/theminuteThemomentIsawher,Iwasattractedbyherbeauty.我一看到她就被她吸引了。她一听到这个消息就来到了现场。Shecameherethemomentsheheardthenews.时间状语从句连词Nosooner…thanNosooner….than一……就固定公式：Nosoonerhadsbdone(倒过完)thansbdid(一般过)Nosooner_____she_____(sit)downthanthephonerang.Nosooner_____thefans______(see)themoviestarthantheycried.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.(保原意，改写句子)I__________________gothomethanitbegantorain.表示：一…就…连词总结表示“一…就…”的结构汇总：hardly/scarcely…when/before,nosooner…than和assoonas都可以表示一…就…的意思。注意：如果hardly,scarcely或nosooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：Hardly/ScarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.时间状语从句连词WheneverWhenever,nomatterwhen,every/eachtime每当；每次；任何时候WheneverIcomeuptoTianjin,Icallatmyteacher’shome.每次我来到天津，我都会打电话给我的老师。=NomatterwhenIcometoTianjin,Icallatmyteacher’shome.=Icallatmyteacher’shomeeach/everytimeIcomeuptoTianjin.时间状语从句连词onceOnce：曾经；一旦(注意时态)OnceitisshownonTV,thiscartoonwillbeverypopular.这部卡通片一旦在电视上放映就会很火。你一旦碰到她，就会知道我之前说的话是真的。Onceyoumeether,you’llknowwhatIhavesaidistrue.时间状语从句连词untiluntil：直到not…until直到…才Theytalkedonandonuntilfouro'clockinthemorning.用否定句改写:Theydidn’tstoptalkinguntilfouro’clockinthemorning.炎热的天气一直持续到九月。1)ThehotweathercontinuesuntilSeptember.2)Thehotweatherdoesn’tstopuntilSeptember.时间状语从句连词until考题1(上海松江)Mr.Zhangdidn’thavearest_____hefinishedtheprojectwithhisworkmatesinthecompany.A.afterB.whileC.untilD.when考题2(上海一模卷)Thefiremanstoppedworkingwhenalltheworkersweresaved.(保原意，改写句子)Thefireman_____stopworking_____alltheworkersweresaved.考题3(上海一模卷)Myfatherstartedtheengineafterweallwentdownstairs.(保原意，改写句子)Myfather_____starttheengine_____weallwentdownstairs.Itisnotuntil…that…固定句型Itisnotuntil…that…的用法Itisnotuntilyesterdaythatherealizedhismistakes.他直到昨天才意识到他的错误。Itisnotuntilrecentlythatdoctorsfoundoutthecausesoflungcancer.直到最近医生才找出肺癌的病因。Itisnotuntilsheexperiencedaseriesofdefeatsthatsherealizedthatherideawaswrong.直到经历了一系列的挫败后她才发现她的想法是错的。时间状语从句与及其主句的时态(1)当主句为将来时态或具有将来意义时，时间状语从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态（主将从现）Turnoffthelightsbeforeyouleave.走前关灯。Iwilltellhimassoonashearrives.他一来我就告诉他。时间状语从句与及其主句的时态(2)与since从句搭配的主句的时态通常是现在完成时态（主现完从过）Hehaslivedheresince1999.自1999年以来，他就一直住在这儿。WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou?自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去了?时间状语从句与及其主句的时态注：在特定的语言环境中有时也可能用过去完成时或一现在时：Itseemslikeyearssincewelastmet.我们似乎几年未见面了。Yesterdayhetoldmethathehadn’teatenanythingsinceTuesday.他昨天告诉我自星期二以来他一直未吃任何东西。地点状语从句连词whereGowhereyouwanttogo.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.You’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.=Whereyouhaveanyquestions,you’dbettermakeamark.注：地点状语从句中用的where通常不用句首地点状语从句连词everywhereEverywhere：每一处EverywhereJennygoesshe’smistakenforhersister.无论走到哪个地方，詹妮都被误认为是她妹妹。地点状语从句连词whereverWherever的用法Wherever/nomatterwherethereissmoke,thereisfire.哪里有烟哪里就有火。Wherever/Nomatterwhereyouare,Ishallbewithyou.不论你在哪里我都会陪着你。Wherever，where，nomatterwherewherever可以用做句子的名词和地点状语部分，也可以充当让步状语从句（不论哪里)nomatterwhere只能用于让步状语从