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英语知识体系简介充足的词汇+语法+运用（听、说、读、写）词汇音义词性学好英语需要：语法词法句法：研究的对象是各种词的形式及其用法。：研究的对象是句子各个组成部分及其组成规律。英语词类的变化形式有：1名词、代词的数、格、性的变化。2形容词、副词的比较级、最高级的变化。3动词的人称、时态、语态和语气的变化。十大词类：noun,pronoun,adjective,adverb,numeral,verb,article,preposition,conjunction,interjection八种句子成分宾语补足语（objectcomplement）主语（subject）谓语（predicate）表语（predicative）宾语（object）定语（attribute）状语(adverbial)同位语九种句子成分与词类的关系主语（subject）：谓语（predicate）：表语（predicative）：宾语（object）：是句子所要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体。(n.,pron.,todo,doingandthat-clause)句首说明主语所发出的动作或跟从的状态。(verbs)主语后表示主语的身分、状态或特征。(n.,pron.,adj.,adverbsforplaces,prepositionalphrases,todo，doing,doneandthat-clause.)系动词之后说明动作的对象或承受者(n,pron,todo,doingandthat-clause.)在及物动词或介词之后宾语补足语（objectcomplement）：定语（attribute）：状语(adverbial)：限定或修饰名词或代词。adj.,adverbsforplaces,pron,n.,prepositionalphrases,todo,doing,doneandthat-clauses.名词前或后修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。adv.,prepositionalphrases,todo,doingdoneandthat-clauses.具体情况而定位置说明宾语的性质、状态、特征或宾语发出的动作。宾语之后（adj.,n,adverbsforplaces,todo,doinganddone）同位语：补充说明前面的某个名词或代词。（n.orthat-clauses）e.g.Myfather,adoctor,isverykind.Practice:Analyzethefollowingsentences.1.Thefarmersdon’tstaylonginthesameplaces.2.Wearehavingawonderfultime.3.It’sdangeroustoswimintheriver.4.Iwatchedalltheglassesthatwereonthetablefalloffontothefloor.5.I’mgoingtomovetoanothercitynextmonth.6.Thankyouforwritingtome.7.Theyallstudyhard.8.Pleasekeepyourbodyheathy.句子成分可以由单词，短语或从句充当！主语(n./pron.)单词短语名词形容词介词不定式动名词分词从句Thenewsistrue./Heisaboy.Thewomandoctoriskind.Tohelpothersisvaluable.Writingarticlesisnoteasy.Whetherhewillgothereisunknown.Thathewillgothereistrue.表语(adj./n./ad.)单词短语名词形容词介词不定式动名词分词从句Heisastudent./Heishappy.Sheisawomandoctor.Sheisfullofjoy.Heisintheroom.Hiswishistohelpothers.Myjobiswritingarticles.Thestoryisinteresting./Iaminterestedinthestory.Thefactisthathewillgothere.Thequestioniswhetherhewillgothere.宾语(n./pron.)单词短语名词形容词介词不定式动名词分词从句Iknowthenews.Ilikethewomandoctor.Iwanttohelpothers.Hepracticedwritingarticles.Iknowthathewillgothere.Doyouknowwhenhewillgothere.宾补(adj./n./ad.)单词短语名词形容词介词不定式动名词分词从句Iwillmakehimrich./Iwillgiveyouhappiness.Ifoundherawomandoctor.Thenewsmadehimfullofjoy.Ifoundhimintheroom.Hewantedmetohelpothers.Ifindthestoryinteresting./Ifindhiminterestedinthefilm.定语(adj./ad.)单词短语名词形容词介词不定式动名词分词从句Heisagoodstudent.Thisisaboyfullofjoy.TheboyintheroomisTom.Ihaveachancetohelpothers.Thisisawritingdesk.Thechildrenliketheinterestingstories.Iknowtheboywhovisitedyou.TheboywhomyouvisitedisTom.状语(adv./adj.)单词短语名词形容词介词不定式动名词分词从句Iamsittinghere./Iwentthereyesterday.Hecamein,fullofjoy.Heissittingintheroom.Iwenttheretohelpothers.Walkinginthestreet,Isawhim.Givenenoughtime,wewilldoitbetter.WhenImeethim,Iwilltellhimthenews.IfImeethim,Iwilltellhimthenews.主语n./pron.表语a./n./ad.宾语n./pron.宾补a./n./ad.定语a./ad.状语ad./adj.单词短语名词形容词介词不定式动名词分词从句practise•高中英语语法配备练习2---句子概要•指出划线部分的成分：（见练习）短语、从句、句子短语：具有一定意义的一组词，可作为句子的一个成分。英语中有下列几种短语：1.不定式短语2.–ing短语3.分词短语4.介词短语5.名词短语e.g.HelikestowatchTVwhilehavinglunch.e.g.Isawmanypeoplestandingbythelake.e.g.Givenmoretime,Iwoulddoitbetter.e.g.Withhishelp,Ihavefinishedwritingthepoem.e.g.darkbluesky/atruestory/themostwonderfulmoment从句(clause)含有主谓结构的一组词，在句子中作一个成分，一般由连接词、关系代词或关系副词引导。e.g.Ifyouwanttosaysomething,sayitclearly.从句名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句形容词性从句：定语从句副词性从句：状语从句句子：sentence含有主谓结构的一组词，有比较完整的意义。从句子结构本身来看，句子可分为：1.简单句：2.并列句：3.复合句：只有一个主谓结构的句子。由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。含有一个主句和一个或更多的从句。句子的类型e.g.ThiskindofcomputercouldbemadeinChinaevenintheseventies.e.g.IaskedDickforsomehelp,buthecouldn’tdoit,either.e.g.Theyweredeeplymovedbywhattheysawandheardthere.Pickoutthesentences:1.Thefirstthingweshoulddoistosolvetheproblematonce.2.Hisreturningtoourcountry.3.Namesofvillagesandsmalltowns.4.Takecareofyourselfwhenyouareawayfromhome.5.Todiscoverthesecretofthenature.6.Inthisrestaurantthefoodisgood,buttheserviceispoor.7.Thethoughtofherownplan8.Boughtaticketfromtheconductor.9.Inventionssuchaseyeglassesandthesewingmachinehavehadanimportanteffectonourlives?复句短语短语复句短语并列句短语单句并列句Pointoutthetypeofeachsentence:指出句子类型（单，复合，并列）1.Lethimhavearest.2.Theboyiscleveryetheisnotdiligent.3.EitheryouarerightorIam.4.MyclassmatesandIstudyandplaytogether.5.Heoncelivedandworkedthere.6.Noonecanreplywhetheritwillraintomorrow.7.Itseemedthattheyhadlostsomething.8.Thelessonshetaughtwereimportant.9.Don’tmissthechance,oryouwillregretit.10.Ibegantogotoschoolattheageofsix.五种基本句子结构1.S+Vi(不及物ｖ)2.S+V+P(表语)3.S+Vt(及物ｖ)+O4.S+Vt+IO(间接宾语)+DO(直接宾语)5.S+Vt+O+OC+(宾语补语)五种基本句子结构1.S+Vi(不及物ｖ)Isee.Itrains.五种基本句子结构2.S+V+P(表语)Iamhappy.Itsoundsgood.Iamastudent.Tombecomesateacher.五种基本句子结构3.S+Vt(及物ｖ)+OIloveyou.Hehitme.五种基本句子结构4.S+Vt+IO(间接宾语)+DO(直接宾语)Hegavemeabook.Tomtoldhimastory.五种基本句子结构5.S+Vt+O+OC+(宾语补足语)Ifindthemanateacher.Ifindthebookinteresting.Shethinksmerich.Shethinksmearichman.五种基本句子结构1.S+Vi(不及物ｖ)2.S+Vi+P(表语)3.S+Vt(及物ｖ)+O4.S+Vt+IO(间接宾语)+DO(直接宾语)5.S+Vt+O+OC+(宾语补足语)Test1:Thegirlwithbigeyessitsthere.Thegirlwithbigeyessitsthere.S.adj.Vi.adv.Ans:第一种句型五种基本句子结构Test2:Shebecomesafriendofmineatlast.Shebecomesafriendofmineatlast.S.Vi.SC.adv.Ans:第二种句型五种基本句子结构Test3:Theyareveryhappy.Theyareveryhappy.S.Vi.adv.SC.Ans:第二种