文献综述-论《最蓝的眼睛》中佩科拉和乔利对黑人文化的不同态度

1OntheDifferentAttitudesofPecolaandChollyTowardsBlackCultureinTheBluestEyes论《最蓝的眼睛》中佩科拉和乔利对黑人文化的不同态度LiteratureReviewAbstract:ToniMorrisonisarenownedblackwomanwriterinAmerica.MostofherworksareaboutthemiserablelifeofblackpeopleinAmerica.AsToniMorrison’sfirstandmostfamousnovel,TheBluestEyeestablishedherliteraryreputationinAmericablackliterature.Duringmanyyears,peopleoutsideandinsidehavemademanyresearchesonTheBluestEyefromdifferentaspects,suchassuchasthetragedyofPecola,thereasonsofhertragedy,themeaningofblackcommunity,thecontrastofPecola’sandClaudia’sfate,andsoon.Thisarticletriestoanalyzetheauthor,workandothers’commentsandpointsoutthispaper’ssignificance.摘要：托尼·莫里森是美国著名的黑人女作家。她的大部分作品是关于美国黑人的痛苦命运的。《最蓝的眼睛》是托尼·莫里森的第一部也是她最有名的一部作品，它确立了托尼·莫里森在美国黑人文学中的文学地位。多年来,古今中外从不同角度对《最蓝的眼睛》的研究颇多，比如关于佩科拉悲剧，她悲剧的原因，黑人社区对黑人的意义，佩科拉和克洛迪娅的命运对比，等等。本文通过对作者，作品和外界的评论分析，指出自己目前所研究课题的意义。2ToniMorrison,bornin1931,isoneofthemostinfluentialAmericanblackwomanwriters.TheBluestEyesin1970washerfirstnoveland30yearslateritestablishedherliteraryreputationinAmericanblackliterature.Then,ToniMorrisonwentonexploringlifeofblackpeople,especiallythesufferingofblackwomen.In1973,shecreatedSula,whichshowsrebellionspiritofblackpeople.In1977,shefinishedhermostfamousSongofSolomon.HerworkBelovedin1987hadwonPulitzerPrize.Inthe1990s,ToniMorrisonhadherlongnovelsJazzandTheParadisepublished.ToniMorrison’sworksunveiledtheparadoxandconflictsbetweenwhitecivilizationandblacktraditionwiththebigbackgroundofAmericanracistoppressionandtriedtofindoutwaysforblackpeopletogetfree.Inherworks,ToniMorrisonmadeuseofblackfolkliteratureandlegendmythstocreateadifferentatmosphere,andalsolearnedfromthewritingmethodsofMagicalismtogivetheenvironmentandcharactersamysteriouscoloring.Herdictionisquitecolloquialanddialoguesbetweencharactersareveryvivid.AllthesecharacteristicsmadeToniMorrisontherepresentativeofAmericanblackliterature.ShewontheNobelLiteraturePrizein1993，beingtheonlyblackwomanwriterwhohaswonit.Shewasdevotedtoprotectanddevelopblackculture.Allherworksarecreatedtoexposeblackpeople’shistory,fate,andspiritualworld.Andcertainlyshehadinfluencedblackpeoplealotandwassincerelyrespectedbypeople.TheBluestEyeasarepresentativenovelbyToniMorrisonhasitsspecialsignificance.InsteadoffocusingmuchmoreonthesufferingofblackpeopleinAmericajustlikeotherworksdo,TheBluestEyepaysmoreattentiontoshowthatundertheimpactofwhitepeople’scultureblackpeopleshouldrelyonthemselvestochangetheirfate.Itplaysaveryimportantroleinblackpeople’sstruggleagainstracialprejudiceanddiscrimination.AsthefirstnovelofToniMorrison,TheBluestEyestellsastoryabouta11-year-oldblackgirlnamedPecola.Becauseofherblackappearance,hermother,whoappreciatedanythingofwhitepeople,hatedheralot.Herclassmatesandteachersplayedtricksonher,bulliedher.Eventheownerofthecandyshopwouldnottakeaglanceatherandavoidedtouchingheruglyblackhandswhenshepaid.Pecolafeltverysadandinferior.Shethoughtthatonlywhenshebecamebeautifullikeawhitegirl,oratleasthadapairofbeautifulblueeyes,shewouldbelovedandrespected.Forblackgirlsatthattimegenerallybelievedthat“Blackpeoplewithblueeyesaremostbeautiful.”Pecolawishedtohaveapairofblueeyesdayandnight.ShespentallherpocketmoneybuyingcandiesadvertisedbyMary.Janes，abeautifulwhitegirlwithbigblueeyes.ShelikeddrinkingmilkinShirleyTemple’sglass3.3Pecolathoughtshewouldownapairofblueeyesoncesheatecandiesandusedglasswithwhitegirlsonthem.However,therewasagreatcontrastbetweensweetdreamsandtheuglyandcruelreality.Pecolafailedtomakeherdreamcometrue.Instead,shewasrapedbyherownfatherandbecamepregnant,fallingintoamoremiserablesituation.TheconflictsbetweendreamsandrealitymadePecoalinsane.Shehadanillusionthatshehadgotapairofverybeautifuleyes,whichwasthebluest,butherlifestayedthesamemiserable.TheBluestEyesdescribesblackpeople’soultwistedundertheimpactofwhiteculture.Ittellsusblackpeoplewillsufferfromconfusionandinsanityiftheytakewhitecultureandwhitepeople’swayoflife.Theywillbelostinwhitecultureiftheyabandonblackculture.Blackpeopleshouldbebothpoliticallyandeconomicallyindependentandmaketheirlifebetter.AccordingtoWinthropD.Jordan,inhisbookWhiteOverBlack:AmericanAttitudesTowardtheNegro,1550-1812.racismdidnotinitiallydrivethecoloniststoenslaveblacks.Slaverywasjustrecognizedasonelaborsystem.Americanwhitepeople’sattitudestowardblackpeopleoriginallycamefromtheEnglishattitudesofAfricans.ButJordansuggeststhattheEnglishweremoreinterestedinslaveryasthemostefficientformoflaboravailabletothemandnotnecessarilyasawaytoexercisetheirpreconceivednotionsconcerningtheinferiorityofAfricans.UnlikeEnglishpeople,whitepeopleinAmericaappealedtoinnate,hereditaryinferioritiesthatcouldneverbeerasedjustinordertokeeptheblackslave.AsJordanpointsoutthathardeningofslaveryandtheseparationoffreeandreligiousNegroesfromthewhitecommunityinvirtuallockstepwitheconomicchanges,withtheintegrationoftheunifiednation,withthecourseofantislavery,andwiththepatternofslaverebelliousness.JustlikeinTheBluestEye,whitepeopleforcedblackpeopletoreceivetheirwhiteculturethroughdifferentways.Theirprejudiceanddiscriminationagai