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RelatedConception(相关概念)1.名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。TheboyisliMing.主语表语Mr.Liang,a24-year-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.主语同位语宾语在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。什么是名词性从句?名词性从句主语从句(TheSubjectClause)宾语从句(TheObjectClause)表语从句(ThePredicativeClause)同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause)请判断出下列的句子哪部分是从句,并判断属于哪种从句:1.WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.2.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.3.Idon’tthink(that)heisanhonestboy.4.Thefactisthathestolethecar.5.Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?6.Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere?7.Itissaidthattheywonthegame.(主从)(同位语从句)(宾从)(表从)(同位语从句)(定从)(主从)•Shesaid(that)sheisgoingtolearnEnglish.•Iwanttoknowwhether/ifshestilllivesthere.•Idon’tknowwhoallthesepeopleare.•ShewantstoknowwhichfilmIlikebest.•Pleasetellmewhereshelives.•Iamnotinterestedinwhatheisdoing.•Iamcertainthatheisathomenow.•Iamafraidhewon’tcomeontime.宾语从句在句中充当及物动词,介词或某些形容词宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句•Idon’tknow（that）youwillcomehere.注意：that在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常常被省去。但如果从句是并列句时,第二个及以后的分句前that不可省.•Weallagreed(that)itwouldbeamistakenottotakehisadvise.•Weallthink(that)sheisworkinghardandthatshewillsurelygotoagoodcollege.我不知道他来不来。我想知道他来还是不来。你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？他不在乎天气是否好。Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcome.Iwanttoknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.Areyoutalkingaboutwhetherhewillcome?Hedoesn’tcareifitisn’tafineday.注意：在宾语从句中，表示“是否”既可以用whether,也可以用if.但是，whether常与ornot连用；作介词宾语只用whether;从句是否定句时一般用if。用合适的连接词填空1.WangHaitoldme_____hedidn'tgocyclingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）2.Canyoutellme______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?（who,whom）3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.（that,if）4.Healwaysthinks______hecandobetter.（how,who）5.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）whywhothathowhowsoon宾语从句中的否定转移我认为他不会来这里.Ithinkhewon’tcomehere.()Idon’tthinkhewillcomehere.()注意：如果宾语从句是由think,believe,imagine,suppose等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。√我认为他不会对我撒谎的.Idon’tthinkhewilllietome.我认为我们不应该借钱给他.Idon’tthinkweshouldlendhimmoney.宾语从句中用it作形式宾语•Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.•Ifinditimpossiblethatheshouldfinishtheworkintwodays.注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。that不能省.believe,consider,feel,find,make,think宾语从句的时态和语序1.Couldyoutellmeifit_____tomorrow?A.rainsB.israiningC.willrainD.rain2.Theteachertoldhisstudentsthesun_____intheeast.A.riseB.risesC.roseD.risen宾语从句中谓语用shoulddo的情况:•Thegeneralorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.•Hesuggestedthatwe(should)allbuydictionaries.•Iinsistedthathe(should)apologizetome.•一坚持Insist•二命令ordercommand•三建议adviseproposesuggest+recommend•四要求askdemandrequestrequire表语从句在句中充当表语的从句(即放在be动词后面)叫做表语从句。我们的目的是他能认识到错误。Ourpurposeisthathecanrealizehisfaults.注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。问题是它是否值得做。Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.注意：表语从句表示“是否”只用“whether”而不用“if”•Itappearsthattheyareinneedofhelp.•Itseemsthathedoesn’tlikelivinghere.•Itturnedoutthattwopeoplehadbeenkilledintheaccident.1.Thathouseis_______thegardentoolsarestored.2.ThereasonIdon’twanttogothereis______I’vejustgotanewjobhere.3.Thatwas______theyhadmadethemistake.4.Everythingintheroomis_____itwastenyearsago.5.Whatwecareaboutis_________itwillbeafinedaytomorrow.wherethathowwhatwhether问题是谁能帮我学英语.这就是她不愿意出国留学的原因.那就是我要告诉你的.ThequestioniswhocanhelpmewithmyEnglish.Thatiswhysheisunwillingtostudyabroad.ThatiswhatIwilltellyou.在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。他星期三来这里是肯定的。•hewillcomehereonWednesdayiscertain.他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。•hewillcomehereonWednesdayisnotcertain.That主语从句WhetherWhathesaidisnottrue.Whobrokethewindowhasnotbeenfoundout.Howheescapedisstillamystery.Whomsheborrowedmoneyfromstillpuzzledhim.Exercise11._______shesaidpuzzledhim.2._______shesaidsuchathingpuzzledhim.3._____________weshouldsendtotakepartinthepartyistobediscussed.4._______theydon’twanttodroptheplanisclear.5._______hefinishedtheworkinsoshorttimeremainsaquestion.6.________itisgoingtosnowthiseveningisnotcertain.WhatWhyWhom/whoThatHowWhetherExercise21.______________________________________(月球上没有生命)isknowntoall.2._________________________(我在会议上说的)mustbekeptsecret.3.______________________(是否这件事是真的)remainsaquestion.4.______________________________________(我们什么时候开会)istobediscussed.ThatthereisnolifeonthemoonWhatIsaidatthemeetingWhetheritistrueWhenwewillhavethemeeting•Thathecan’tattendthepartyisapity.Itisapitythathecan’tattendtheparty.•Howmuchmoneyisneededishardtosay.Itishardtosayhowmuchmoneyisneeded.•Thatthemoonmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.Itisknowntoallthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.it做形式主语It+be+形容词＋that从句Itisnecessarythat…有必要…Itisimportantthat….重要的是…Itisobviousthat……很明显……It+be+-ed分词＋that从句Itisbelievedthat…人们相信…Itisknowntous/allthat….众所周知…Ithasbeendecidedthat……已经决定……用it形式主语的that从句有以下四种不同的搭配：It+be+名词＋that从句Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常识Itisasurprisethat….令人惊奇的是…Itisafactthat……事实是……It+不及物动词＋that从句Itappearsthat…似乎…Ithappensthat….碰巧…Itoccurredtomethat……我突然想起……Exercise31.Itisawonder_____youweren'tinjured.2.Itisstillunknown______and______thistookplace.3.Itmakesnodifferencetome_________heisrichorpoor.4.Itisnotyetdecided_______istotakeherplaceassecretarythatwhenwherewhetherwho同位语从句在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句一般放在如idea,news,fact,promise,suggestio