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A安慰剂Placebo安慰剂效应placeboeffectsB把握度studypower半试验semi-trial保护率protectiverate,PR报告偏倚reportingbias暴露exposure暴露标志exposuremarker暴露怀疑偏倚exposuresuspicionbias爆发调查outbreaksurvey被动监测passivesurveillance比例研究proportionalstudy比值比OddsRatio,OR必需病因necessaryfactorofcause标点地图spotmap标化比例死亡比standardizedproportionalmortalityratio,SPMR标化比值比standardizedoddsratio,SOR标化死亡比standardizedmortalityratio,SMR标准化standardization标准化率比standardizedrateratio,SRR“冰山”现象ice-bergphenomenon丙型肝炎hepatitisC，HC并联试验paralleltest病毒性肝炎viralhepatitis病例报告casereport病例-病例研究case-casestudy病例调查casesurvey病例对照研究case-controlstudy病例交叉设计case-crossoverdesign病例交叉研究case-crossoverstudy病例-系列研究case-seriesstudy病死率fatalityrate病因causationofdisease病因的异质性etiologicalheterogeneity病因分值etiologicfraction，EF病因链chainsofcausation病因网webofcausation不合格ineligibility不依从noncomplianceC测量偏倚measurementbias长期变异secularchange,trendvariation超额死亡率excessmortality超额危险度excessrisk巢式病例对照研究nestedcase-controlstudy成本效果分析cost-effectivenessanalysis成本效益分析cost-benefitanalysis成本效用分析cost-utility成组匹配categorymatching抽样调查samplingsurvey抽样框架samplingframe抽样误差samplingerror出生队列birthcohort出生队列分析法birthcohortanalysis初级卫生保健primaryhealthcare,PHC传播概率transmissionprobability传播机制mechanismoftransmission传播途径pathoftransmission传播途径transmissionroute传播因素transmittingfactor传染病communicablediseases传染过程infectiousprocess传染性infectiousness串联试验serialtest粗死亡率crudedeathrate改成crudemortalityrate较好粗一致性crudeagreement促成病因contributoryfactorofcause错分偏倚misclassificationbias错误分类misclassificationD大骨节病Kashin-Beckdisease大流行pandemic代表性representativeness单倍型haplotype单纯随机抽样simplerandomsampling单盲singleblind单项筛检singlescreening等位基因allele等位基因频率genefrequency地方病endemicdiseases地方病学Endemiology地方性endemicity地方性氟中毒endemicfluorosis地方性砷中毒endemicarsenism点突变pointmutation点源流行pointsourceepidemic碘缺乏病iodinedeficiencydisease调查随访研究surveyfollow-upstudy调整一致性adjustedagreement丁型肝炎hepatitisD，HD动态人群dynamicpopulation毒力virulence短期波动irregularvariation,rapidfluctuation队列cohort队列研究cohortstudy对象报告偏倚reportbias多归因程序的方法Multipleimputationprocedure多国心血管病趋势和决定因素监测MultinationalMonitoringofTrendsandDeterminantsinardiovascularDiseases,MONICA多级抽样multistagesampling多群组比较研究multi-groupcomparisonstudy多态性polymorphism多项筛检multiplescreeningE恶性肿瘤流行病学cancerEpidemiology二代侵袭率,续发率secondaryattackrate，SAR二级预防secondarypreventionF发病率incidencerate,morbidity发病密度incidencedensity发病密度incidencedensity发生率研究incidencestudy飞沫droplet飞沫核dropletnuclei非即时性non-concurrent非均衡性错分differentialmisclassification非连续性状Discretetraits肺炎与流感死亡率pneumoniaandinfluenzadeaths,即P&Ideaths分层stratification分层抽样stratifiedsampling分层随机分组stratifiedrandomization分类变量categoricalvariable分离分析segregationanalysis分子流行病学MolecularEpidemiology封闭性抗体blockingantibodies氟斑牙dentalfluorosis氟骨症skeletalfluorosis负混杂negativeconfounding复等位基因位点multiplealles复杂性状complextraitG概念框架conceptualframework干预随访研究interventionfollow-upstudy感染储主reservoirofinfection感染来源sourceofinfection感染力infectivity感染谱spectrumofinfection感染梯度gradientofinfection感染性腹泻infectiousdiarrhea感染性腹泻病infectiousdiarrhealdisease感染症infectionsorinfectiousdiseases高危人群策略highriskstrategy个案case个案调查casestudy个案调查individualsurvey个体匹配individualmatching工程干预engineeringintervention共变法methodofconcomitantvariation共显性codominance构成比proportion固定队列fixedcohort故意伤害intentionalinjuries关联的合理性plausibilityofassociation关联的可重复性consistencyofassociation关联的强度strengthofassociation关联的时间性temporalityofassociation关联的特异性specificityofassociation关联的一致性coherenceofassociation观察偏倚observationalbias观察性研究observationalstudy观察一致率observationagreement广义遗传度broadheritability归因危险度attributablerisk归因危险度百分比attributableriskpercent,ARP,或AR%国际病毒分类委员会InternationalCommitteeonTaxonomyofViruses，ICTV国际冠心病预防工作组TheInternationalTaskForceforPreventionofCoronaryHeartDisease国际疾病分类第十版InternationalClassificationofDiseases，ICD-10国家结核病防治项目NationalTuberculosisProgram，NTP国家卫生统计中心theNationalCenterforHealthStatistics,NCHSH合作率cooperationrate核心家系Nuclearfamilies横断面研究crosssectionalanalysis横断面研究cross-sectionalstudy患病率prevalencerate回顾性研究retrospectivestudies回忆偏倚recallbias混合型流行mixedepidemic混合研究mixedstudy混杂confounding混杂偏倚confoundingbias混杂因素confounder,confoundingfactor活跃病区activeendemicarea获得性免疫缺陷综合症acquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome,AIDS霍桑效应HowthorneeffectJ机遇chance基本繁殖率basicreproductionrate基本繁殖数basicreproductivenumber,R0基本人群basepopulationorpopulationatrisk基线信息baselineinformation基因gene基因毒性genotoxic基因型Genotyping基因型频率genotypefrequency及时性timeliness疾病爆发diseaseoutbreak疾病标志Markersofdisease疾病的分布distributionofdisease疾病的自然史naturalhistoryofdisease疾病监测surveillanceofdisease疾病链thediseasechain剂量反应关系dose—responserelationship季节性seasonalvariation,seasonality继发关联secondaryassociation家庭簇研究familyclusterstudy家庭聚集性Familialaggregation家庭聚集性研究familialaggregationstudy家庭相似性Familyresemblance家系研究pedigreestudy甲型肝炎hepatitisA，HA假阳性率falsepositiverate假阴性率falsenegativerate间接传播indirecttransmission间接关联indirectassociation间接接触indirectcontact检出症侯偏倚detectionsignalbias简单随机分组simplerandomization简明损伤定级法abbreviatedinjuryscale，AIS健康促进healthpromotion健康工作者效应healthyworkereffect健康监测系统healthinformationsystem,HIS健康生命损失年yearsoflifelivedwithdisability,YLLD教育干预educationalinterven