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土木工程研究生复试专业英语试题一、单项选择（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）1.Beforedesigningaproject,civilengineersshouldsurveyboththe()andsubsoilfeaturesoftheproposedsite.A.photographyB.geographerC.topographyD.graphy2.Dams,(),watersupplysystems,andotherlargeprojectsordinarilyemployseveralengineerstoworktogether.A.beamB.columnC.brickD.bridge3.Inmodernroadconstructions,powerfulmodernmachinesareemployedtomovemountainsandfillvalleystomakethe()asdirectaspossible.A.routesB.rootsC.surfacesD.lane4.Betweenthebuildings（）aprimaryschool.A.standB.standsC.tostandD.standing5.Tensilefailureof()concretehappenseasilyandinvolvesprogressivemicro-cracking.A.forcedB.reinforcedC.steelD.unreinforced6.()concreteisusedonlyforfootingsandconcreteslabslaidontheground,andforothermassivestructures.A.forcedB.reinforcedC.steelD.Plain7.Thelawsthat（）howthebuildingsmaybemadearebuildingcodes.A.tellB.tellsC.toldD.telling8.Thesteelbarsinconcretetakethe()componentofthebendingmoment.A.shearB.compressiveC.tensileD.draw9.Itisexpensive（）futurecitiesonthesea.A.buildB.builtC.tobuildD.builds10.Crackswouldnotonlybeunsightlybutwould()thesteelbarstocorrosionbymoistureandotherchemicalaction.A.adoptB.exposeC.employD.make11.The（）cementsarewidelyusedontheconstructionsite.A.above-mentionedB.above-mentioningC.above-mentionD.above-mentions12.Besidesitsabilitytosustainloads,concreteisalsorequiredtobe().A.capableB.considerableC.durableD.beautiful13.Itisourdutyto（）thespecification.A.complywithB.completeC.knowD.make14.Concreteis()aporousmaterial.A.natureB.inherentlyC.madeD.not15.Conclusionscanbe()fromtheabovediscussion.A.drawnB.tensileC.towedC.looked二、单词填空（共10空；每空2分，满分20分）1.TheRomansboundtheirempiretogetherwithanextensivesystemofroadsradiatinginmanydirectionsfromRome.2.Portlandcementmustpassaseriesofchemicalandphysicaltestsbeforeitcanbeshipped.3.Concreteconsistsofwater,cement,aggregateandsand.（admixture）4.Asimplecontractconsistsofanagreemententeredintobytwoormoreparties.5.Thepresenceofcracksinconcretereducesitsresistancetotheactionofcorrosionofreinforcedbars.6.Concreteisawidelyusedmaterialinnumerouscivilengineeringstructures三、英译中（短句翻译，共10句，每句2分，满分20分）1.Laterinhistory,whenwell-traveledroutesweremadesturdierwithrocksandstones,thepathwasraisedabovethesurroundingland,itbecamea“highway”.史上记载，当交通量大的道路用更坚实的岩石和石头来建造，且路面被建在路基上，它就变成了一条“高速公路”。2.Thevariouscomponentsofamixareproportionedsothattheresultingconcretehasadequatestrength,properworkabilityforplacingandlowcost.各种成分按比例混合以便所得到的混凝土有足够的强度、合理的浇筑流动性和较低的成本。3.Duetotheabilityofconcretetobecastonsiteitallowstobeusedindifferentshapesinstructures.因为混凝土具有现场浇注的性能，所以它被允许用于各种形状的结构。4.Thefirststepinbuildingaroadistoplantheroute.Sometimestheroutehasbeendecidedbythenatureoftheland,buttodaynaturecanoftenbeconquered.建造一条道路的第一步是制定好路线。有时是由大自然的土地所决定的，但是当今大自然通常可以被征服。5.Inadditiontothemaincomponentsofconcretes,admixturesareoftenusedforspecialpurposes.除了混凝土的主要成分之外，混合剂常用于特殊用途。6.Thechemicaltestsconstitute,ineffect,achemicalanalysistodeterminewhetherthevariousstrength-givingcompoundsappearinproperquantity,andifthereareexcessiveamountsofcertainundesirablesubstances.实际上，化学测试的目的包括一个化学分析，以确定各种强度的混合物是否合理，以及它们是否含有过多的杂质。7.Highorlowtemperaturesandhighorlowhumidityinthemselvesdonotcausesignificantdamagetobuildingmaterials,butchangesintemperatureandhumiditydo.高或低的温度或湿度的高低本身不会引起建筑材料重大的破坏，但会受温度、湿度影响而发生变化。8.Curingisthetermgiventotheprotectionoftheconcreteduringtheearlystagesofhardening,whenitrequiresadditionalmoistureforthecontinuinghydrationofthecement.养护是指当混凝土在硬化凝结的初期需要额外的水分不断进行水泥的水化反应时对其进行保护的过程。9.Thebusinessmanconcernedwithcontractswillnormallylearnabouttheircontents,andtheprecisebutintricatemodeofexpressionthatiscommontothemandtoalllegaldocuments,inhisownlanguage.商人签订合同一般都会熟悉合同的内容，他们会用自己的语言和准确且复杂难懂的表达方式制定所有合法的文件。10.Contractorsareusuallyunwillingtoenterintoanyentirecontracts,otherthantheverysmallest,unlessprovisionismadeforinterimpaymentstothemastheworkproceeds.除了非常小的合同之外，承包商通常是不愿意签订任何一整套的合同的，除非有条款规定随着工程的进行，业主将付给他们相应的报酬。四、英译中（短文翻译，共2篇，每篇10分，满分20分）1、TherailwayofQingzangbeginfromXining—thecapitalofQinghaiprovincetoLasa—thecapitalofTibetself-governingprovince.Theallwayisonethousandandfiftysixkilometres.ThesectionofXingningtoGe'ermuhaseighthundredandfourteenkilometres.Itbeginstobuildat1958andtheopentotrafficisat1984.ThesectionofGe'ermu-Lasahasonethousandonehundredandfortytwokilometerslong.ItstartedworkingatJune29th2001,andcompletedatOctober15th2005andwillbeputontraininJuly1st2006.TheQingzangrailwayrunacrosstheplateaufrozengroundanditshighestaltitudeisfivethousandandseventytwometershigh.Ithasworkedawonderofuplandrailway.ItscompletionandopenwillplayalargeroleinadvancingeconomyandsocietydevelopmentandimprovingthelifeofpeopleandstrengtheningthecomityofnationsandpromotingthecommunicationofcultureintheareaofQinghaiandTibetprovince.青藏铁路起自西宁（青海省的省会）终至拉萨（西藏自治区的省会），全程总长1056km。西宁到格尔木路段有814km，1958年开始修建，1984年竣工通车。格尔木到拉萨路段有1142km，于2001年6月29日开始修建，2005年10月15日完工，将在2006年7月1日投入使用。青藏铁路途经高原冻土以及它的最高海拔高达1072米，它已开创了高原铁路的奇迹，它的竣工和通车在促进青海和西藏两地区之间经济和社会的发展，改善人们生活，加强民族团结以及提升文化交流都起到了很大的作用。2.Concreteisacompositematerial.Itconsists