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成都理工大学工程技术学院毕业论文电力系统短路计算的程序实现作者姓名：孔祥天专业名称：电气工程及其自动化指导教师：赵熹讲师电力系统短路计算的程序实现-I-摘要短路电流计算是电气设计中最基本的计算之一，在发电厂、变电所以及整个电力系统的设计和运行工作中，都必须事先进行短路计算，以此作为合理选择电气接线、电气设备选型、继电保护整定计算、确定限制短路电流措施、在电力系统中合理地配置各种继电保护并整定其参数等的重要依据。掌握短路发生以后的物理过程以及计算短路时各种运行参量(电流、电压等)的计算方法是非常必要的。本文介绍了短路电流计算实用的数学模型、计算原理和方法。用MATLAB语言编写了计算程序，应用起来方便、快捷、准确，提高了效率和准确度。关键词：短路电流电气设计继电保护程序电网电力系统短路计算的程序实现-II-AbstractElectricalshort-circuitcurrentcalculationisthecalculationofthebasicdesignofoneofthepowerplants,substationsandthepowersystemdesignandoperationofwork,short-circuitmustbecalculatedinadvance,areasonablechoiceaselectricalwiring,electricalequipment,theelectiontype,relaysettingcalculationtodeterminethemeasurestolimitshort-circuitcurrentinthepowersystemconfigurationinareasonablerangeofrelayanditsparameters,suchassettinganimportantbasis.Haveoccurredaftershort-circuitaswellasthecalculationofthephysicalprocessesatavarietyofshort-runparameters(current,voltage,etc.)thecalculationisverynecessary.Inthispaper,short-circuitcurrentcalculationandpracticalmathematicalmodel,principlesandmethodsofcalculation.MATLABlanguagewiththecomputerprogram,applicationtoconvenient,fast,accurate,andimprovetheefficiencyandaccuracy.Keywords:Short-circuitcurrent,ElectricalDesign,RelayProtection,Procedures,PowerGrid.电力系统短路计算的程序实现-III-目录摘要............................................................................................................IAbstract....................................................................................................II目录.........................................................................................................III前言...........................................................................................................11电力系统短路故障分析的基本知识....................................................31.1短路故障分析概述......................................................................31.1.1短路的概念及类型................................................................31.1.2短路产生的原因....................................................................31.1.3短路的危害及限制措施........................................................41.2计算短路电流的目的..................................................................61.3短路计算的作用..........................................................................61.4短路计算的基本步骤..................................................................71.5标幺制..........................................................................................71.5.1标幺值的概念........................................................................71.5.2基准值的选取........................................................................71.5.3基准值改变时标幺值的换算................................................81.5.4不同电压等级网络中各元件参数标幺值计算....................92电力系统三相短路分析计算..............................................................112.1恒定电势源的三相短路电流分析............................................112.1.1三相短路的暂态过程分析..................................................112.1.2短路冲击电流和最大有效值电流......................................142.2同步发电机突然三相短路的物理分析....................................172.3电力系统三相短路的实用计算................................................182.3.1三相短路实用计算的基本假设..........................................182.3.2起始次暂态电流和冲击电流的实用计算..........................192.3.3短路电流计算曲线及其应用..............................................202.3.4短路电流周期分量的近似计算..........................................23电力系统短路计算的程序实现-IV-3电力系统简单不对称故障分析计算..................................................253.1对称分量法................................................................................253.2简单不对称短路的分析计算....................................................264短路电流计算程序的实现..................................................................314.1MATLAB软件简介...................................................................314.2数学模型的建立........................................................................314.3短路电流计算的基本原理和方法............................................324.4三相短路电流计算程序............................................................334.4.1利用节点阻抗矩阵计算短路电流......................................334.4.2计算节点电压和支路电流..................................................344.4.3计算短路电流程序的原理框图..........................................354.4.4计算实例..............................................................................354.5不对称短路故障计算程序........................................................374.5.1不对称短路故障的计算步骤..............................................374.5.2不对称短路故障计算程序原理框图..................................39总结.........................................................................................................43致谢.........................................................................................................44参考文献.................................................................................................45附件1对称短路源程序.........................................................................46附件2不对称短路源程序.....................................................................47电力系统短路计算的程序实现-1-前言在电力系统和电气设备的设计和运行中，短路电流计算是解决一系列技术问题所不可缺少的基本计算，是接线方