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句子成分谓语谓语说明主语的动作、行为或所处的状态。通常由动词的各种形式来充当。并且和主语在人称和数上保持一致。句子成分1.一般谓语都是由一个动词或动词短语来充当Shegothereatsix.2.有些谓语是由“系动词+表语”构成的Thegirlfeltcold.Heisateacher.句子成分3.有些谓语由“情态动词+动词原形”构成CanyouspeakFrench?Wemustbecareful.4.如果不及物动词作谓语，则不可以直接加宾语，但可以在不及物动词后加介词再跟宾语Wedependonourselves,notothers.非谓语不定式（todo)分词动名词（-ing)过去分词(-ed)现在分词(-ing)-ing分词-ed分词V-ing/V-ed使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.Seefromthehill,wefindthetownbeautiful.1.2.Whenweseefromthehill,wefindthetownbeautiful.Seeingfromthehill,wefindthetownbeautiful.千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！1.不能单独作谓语2.没有人称和数的变化3.有时态和语态的变化。时态和语态语态时态主动被动一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendoneV-ing的否定式在分词前加“not”语态时态主动被动一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone(not)(not)(not)(not)V-ing在句子中充当的成分1.Sende-mailsismoreandmorepopular.It’snousetakethiskindofmedicine.2.Thefilmissomoved.3.Icouldn’thelpcrywhenIheardthebadnews.4.Iheardthegirlsungintheclassroom.Sendingtakingmovingcryingsinging主语表语宾语宾补mind、suggest、delay、keepon、lookforwardto、enjoy、appreciate、imagine、practise、finish、succeedin、consider、can’thelp、miss?+doing(V-ing在这种结构中做宾语)have、leave、keepsee、watch、hear、find、notice、feel,catch?+sb.+doing(V-ing在这种结构中做宾补)5.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Chinaisacountrydevelopingveryfast.6.Hearingthecryforhelp,herushedout.Beingill,hewenthome.Timepermitting,Icandoitbetter.定语状语=Iftimepermits,Icandoitbetter1.Chinaisalargecountrywhichdevelopsveryquickly.2.IhavereceivedyourletterwhichsaysyouwillcometoChinanextmonth.3.Iwanttoseesomefilmsthatareveryinteresting.Chinaisalargecountrydevelopingveryquickly.Ihavereceivedyourletter,sayingyouwillcometoChinanextmonth.Iwanttoseesomeinterestingfilms.4.Whenhewaswalkinginthestreet,hesawoneofhisoldfriend.5.Becausehewasill,hestayedathome.6.Afterhefinishedtheletter,hepostedit.--(when)Walkinginthestreet,hesawoneofhisoldfriend.--Beingill,hestayedathome.--Havingfinishedtheletter,hepostedit.注意:-ing的完成形式只表示这个动作发生在主句动作之前.V-ing和V-ed的区别从时态和语态两个角度去区分V-ingV-ed时态语态进行时过去主动被动V-ed的用法如：adevelopedcountry/adevelopingcountryapollutedriver/asleepingbaby(1)作定语(2)作状语_______fromthehill,youcangetthewholetown._______fromthehill,thewholetownlooksbeautiful.SeeingSeen1.MrBrownwantstobuyausedcar.2.What'sthelanguagespokeninGermany.3.Thepupilswillgettirediftheyaremadetolearntoomuch4.Imademyselfunderstoodeasily.5.Wefoundtheworkcompletelydone.6.Heated,metalswillexpand.=Ifmetalsareheated,metalswillexpand.7.Seenthroughatelescope,thesunappearsdarkneartheedge.例外：不及物动词的-ed分词没有被动含义，只表示完成的意思。例如：Thestreetwascoveredwithfallenleaves.这条马路被落叶所覆盖1._______fromthehill,youcangetthewholetown.2._______fromthehill,thewholetownlooksbeautiful.SeeingSeen一.主语一致性的考察1.Waitingforabus,_____.A.abrickfellonmyheadB.Alittlegirlcametotalkwithme.C.IwashitbyabrickontheheadD.IwashitbyabrickonmyheadC二.一般式与完成式的考察（04北京)29._____inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited（04吉林)28.“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather,”saidBob,_______outofthewindow.A.lookingB.tolookC.lookedD.havinglooked三.主动与被动的考察1.你知道他们正在讨论的话题吗?Doyouknowthetopic______________now?(discuss)2.这个小男孩最后被看见在河边踢球。Themissingboywaslastseen_________neartheriver.(play)beingdiscussedplaying四.句子成分混淆1.Therearealotofstudentsareplantingtreesonthesmallhill.2.Helayonthegrass,andlookingatthesky.plantinglooking3.ThebookbelongstoMaryislost.belongingV-ing和V-ed用法归纳:1.V-ing作主语(谓语动词用单数）,v-ed不能作主语Usingcomputersisverycommoninourdailylife.2.V-ing作表语与v–ed分词作表语的区别Thestoryisinteresting.Thelittlegirlisinterestedinthestory.Thenewsisdisappointing.Hewasdisappointedtoheartheresult.Whentheboyswerewatchingtheexcitingfilm,theywereveryexcitedThestudentsareallmovedbythemovingstory.Whenshesawthesurprisingresult,shegaveusasurprisedlook.区别:v-ing作表语时表示某物具有的性质,常翻译为”令人……”。v-ed做表语具有被动的概念，一般表示某人对某事的感觉或者体验，解释为“感到...”。3.v-ing可作宾语，v-ed不能作宾语：Wemissedseeingthatfilmwhenitwasatthelocalcinema.Heoftenimaginesflying.Hedreamsaboutbeingadoctor掌握只能跟v-ing作宾语的动词及短语4.v-ing和v-ed作宾补时的区别:Theykeptmewaitingforalongtime.Hewatchedthecarscomingandgoing.Isawhimplayingcard.Sheheardhersistersinginginherroom.MrLihasJimstandingoutsidethedoor.IhadmyMP3repairedlastweek.WeheardthissongsunginEnglish.NomatterhowItry,Ijustcan’tmakemyselfunderstoodbytheforeigner.V-ing用作宾补时,和句子中的宾语构成主动关系，说明宾语一直在做或正在做某事.V-ed用作宾补时,和句子中的宾语构成被动关系，说明宾语的情况5.v-ing和v-ed作定语时的区别:asingingbird.asleepingdogamancarryingababyastudentplayingwithknifepeoplefightingagainstwarsaswimmingpoolawritingdeskawoundedmonkeyabrokenchairboiledwaterasoldierwoundedbyknifearoadcoveredwithsnow6.v-ing和v-ed作状语时的区别:Beingill,Ican’tgotowork.(原因)Seeingthehouseonfire,shecalled119(时间状语)Hesatonastone,readingabook(伴随性状语)Hearingthegoodnews,wealljumpedupwithjoy.(时间状语)Thehusbanddied,leavinghiswifethreedaughters.(结果状语)Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillageisverybeautiful.(时间状语)Cookedinaspecialway,thefishtastesVerynice.(原因状语)Givenmoretime,wecouldfinishthejob(条件状语)Thepresidententeredthehall,followedbyhisguards.(伴随性状语)不定式(todo)的用法:可作主语Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.1)不定式做主语时，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。It