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GrammarandusageNon-restrictiveattributiveclauses非限制性定语从句TrytofindtheattributiveclausesinPara6onpageofReading(page35).attributiveclauses:1.ShespentallherlifehelpingpoorpeopleinIndia,mostofwhomweredying.2.…sheworethesameoldclothesasusual,andcarriedallherpossessionsinalittlebaglikethis,whichIboughtinamarket.Practice引导定语从句的关系词指代人指代事物所属关系指地点指时间指原因who/whom/thatwhich/thatwhosewherewhenwhy关系副词关系代词Finishtheattributiveclausesbelow:1.Thelesson__________westudiedyesterdaywashardtounderstand.2.Youcantakeanybook____interestsyoubest.3.Peopleliketoliveinaplace_____there’sfreshairandlittlenoise.thatwhich/thatPracticewhere4.Thegirl__________yousawatthemeetingisawell-knownswimmer.5.Heistheveryworker_____picturewesawinthenewspaperyesterday.6.Hewasveryhappyontheday____heenteredtheuniversity.7.Ineverreallyunderstandthereason____hemadesuchaseriousmistake.whom/thatwhosewhenwhy8.Theyounglady___wearsawhiteblouseismyeldersister.9.Thetallboy,___issittingthere,playsbasketballverywell.whowhoQuestion:What’sthedifferencebetweenNo.8andNo.9?定语从句分为限制性定语从句(restrictive)和非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive)两种。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,与先行词之间一般不加逗号；非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号分开。1.Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday.2.Shanghai,whichisinEastChina,isdevelopingquickly.Example1Conclusion1当先行词是地名、人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句修饰。1.Ihaveasisterwho/thatworksinahospital.我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。2.Ihaveasister,whoworksinahospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。Example2不只一位姐姐只有一位姐姐3.Themagazinesherewhich/thathavenicepicturesinthemwerewrittenbyhim.里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。4.Themagazineshere,whichhavenicepicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.所有的杂志都是他写的,里面都有漂亮的图画。杂志不止一类杂志只有一类Conclusion21.限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切,是先行词不可缺少的部分,如果去掉它，主句意思往往不明确。2.非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充或说明,去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。1.Thisisthehouse(which/that)weboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。2.Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。Example3限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句3.HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎没领会我的意思,这使我心烦。非限制性定语从句Conclusion31.限制性定语从句可以由关系代词,关系副词来引导，关系代词作宾语时可以省略。2.非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导且关系代词不可以省略。1.Thefamousbasketballstar,___comesfromAmerica,willvisitourschoolsoon.2.Inthosedays,sheusedtogotoMr.Black,with_____shehadawonderfultime.3.Iboughtacaryesterday,_____costmealot.whichwhomwhoPractice4.Xi’an,______Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.5.HewillcometoseemenextJuly,_____hewon’tbesobusy.6.Theschool,_____Ioncestudied,wasbuiltthirtyyearsago.7.Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_____wastrue.whichwherewhenwhich非限制性定语从句考点归纳：I.which引导非限制性定语从句,代替整个主句。1.Hemissedtheshow,whichwasreallyagreatpity.他错过了演出，这真是很大的遗憾。2.Heinvitedmetodinner,whichmademeveryhappy.他请我吃饭，这使我很高兴。Conclusionwhich在引导非限制性定语从句时,which可代替整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。Practice1.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_____cameasasurprise.2.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.3.Itrainedhardyesterday,_____preventedmefromgoingtothepark.whichwhichwhichII.all/some/of+whom/which引导非限制性定语从句1.Hehastoldusmanystories,allofwhichareaboutthefamousLongMatch.2.ThestudentsofClass1,someofwhomcamefromJapan,wentcampingyesterday.Conclusion在非限制性定语从句中,一些表达数量或定位的数词或代词如all/some/one/both/neither/none/any/either/any等可与of构成介词词组修饰限制先行词,此时先行词在其后的定语从句中作介词的宾语,关系代词不可用that。如先行词指人则用whom，如先行词指物则用which引导从句。1.Manystudentsinthisschool,someofwhicharenotoverweight,aregoingondiets.2.Thereare54studentsinmyclassandtenofwhomcomefromUS.whomCorrection:them3.Halfamillionpairsofshoesareproducedbytheworkershereeveryyear,80%ofwhomaresoldabroad.4.Ihavemanyfriendsinthistown,someofwhicharebusinessman.5.Iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allofthemarequitehelpfultomyhealth.whichwhich或all前加andwhomPracticetime1.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,____madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which2.TheEnglishplay,____mystudentsactedattheNewYear’sparty,wasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich3.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers____shehadwipedherhands.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that4.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolongerwhatitwas20yearsago,____itwassopoorlyequipped.A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that