汉语口语速成 第一课 你好

第一课LessonOne你好语音注释PhoneticsExplanation•声母和韵母Initialsandfinals•汉语的音节绝大多数由声母和韵母组成。音节开头的辅音叫声母，其余部分叫韵母。•AChinesesyllableisusuallycomposedofaninitialandafinal.Theformerisaconsonantthatbeginsthesyllableandtheletteristherestofthesyllable.•声调Tones•声调是音节的音高变化。汉语普通话有四个基本声调，分别为第一声(ā)、第二声(á)、第三声(ǎ)、第四声(à)。声调不同，意思不一样。•Tonesarechangesofpitchofsyllables.InthestandardChinesetherearefourbasictones,representedrespectivelybythefollowingtone-graphs:thefirsttone(ā),thesecondtone(á),thethirdtone(ǎ)andthefourthtone(à).Whenasyllableispronouncedindifferenttones,ithasdifferentmeanings.•轻声Neutraltone•普通话里有一些音节在一定条件下失去原调，读得又轻又短，叫做轻声。轻声不标调号。例如：xièxie,búkèqi。•InstandardChinesepronunciation,thereareanumberofsyllablesthatlosetheiroriginaltonesandarepronouncedsoftandshort.Thisisknownastheneutraltonewhichisidentifiedbytheabsenceofatonemark,e.g.“xièxie,búkèqi”.Initials•bpmfdtnl•gkh•jqx•zcs•zhchshrFinalsaoeeri-i(zi)-i(zhi)uüaieiaoouanenangengongiaieiaoiou(iu)ianiniangingionguauouaiuei(ui)uanuen(un)uanguengüeüanün•声母Initials•bpmfdtnl•韵母Finals•aoeiuüer语音Phoneticsaoeiuübbabobibuppapopipummamomemimuffafofuddadediduttatetitunnaneninunüllalelilulü拼音Spelling•辨声母InitialDiscrimination•bā---pādè---tènǐ---lǐ•mō---fōbù---pùmá---fá•nǔ---lǔdú---túbǐ---pǐ•辨韵母FinalDiscrimination•mō---mēbǎ---bǒfó---fá•pì---pùtà---tèlǐ---lǚ•dà---dìmō---mūnǚ---nǔ•辨调ToneDiscrimination•bǐ---bìmō---mópà---pā•tǔ---tūnù---nǔlū---lù•dé---děfū---fú•读下列音节（第一声+一、二、三、四及轻声）Readoutthefollowingsyllables•1st+1st:fāyīn发音fēijī飞机•1st+2nd:huānyíng欢迎bāngmáng帮忙•1st+3rd:gāngbǐ钢笔hēibǎn黑板•1st+4th:gāoxìng高兴shēngdiào声调•1st+theneutraltone:māma妈妈shāngliang商量生词NewWords•你（代pronoun）nǐyou•好（形adj.）hǎowell;good•您（代pronoun）nínyou(polite)•你们（代pronoun）nǐmenyou(plural)•老师（名noun）lǎoshīteacher•谢谢（动verb）xièxietothank•不（副adv.）bùnot生词NewWords•客气（形adj.）kèqipolite;courteous•不客气búkèqiDon’tmentionit;You’rewelcome.•对不起duìbuqǐIamsorry.•没关系méiguānxiDon’tmentionit.•再见（动verb）zàijiàngood-bye生词NewWords•请（动verb）qǐngplease•进（动verb）jìntoenter•坐（动verb）zuòtosit•听（动verb）tīngtolisten•说（动verb）shuōtosay•读（动verb）dútoread•写（动verb）xiětowrite课文Text•1.A:Nǐhǎo.nínnǐ•你好。您你•B:Nǐhǎo.Nǐmenlǎoshī•你好。你们老师•2.A:xièxie.•谢谢。•B:Búkèqi.•不客气。课文Text•3.A:Duìbuqǐ.•对不起。•B:Méiguānxi.•没关系。•4.A:Zàijiàn.•再见。•B:Zàijiàn.•再见。课文Text•5.Qǐngjìn.zuòtīngshuōdúxiě•请进。坐听说读写•注释Notes•(1)你好。•日常问候语。任何时间、任何场合以及任何身份的人都可以使用。对方的回答也应是“你好”。•Itisacommongreeting.Itmaybeusedanywhere,atanytimeandbyanybody.Theanswertoitfromthepersonaddressedtoisalso“你好”.课文Text•(2)您•“您”是“你”的敬称。•“您”isapoliteexpressionof“你”.