2012直击高考.语法专题详解---直接引语变间接引语

2012直击高考.语法专题详解---直接引语变间接引语1.时态变化1).时态需要变化的是：2).时态不需要变化的是：①.一般现在时变一般过去时：•Thegirlsaid,“I'msorryforbeinglateforclass.”•→Thegirlsaidthatshewassorryforbeinglateforclass.②.一般过去时变过去完成时：•Hesaidtome,“Imetyourfather.”•→Hetoldmethathehadmetmyfather.1).时态需要变化的是：③.一般将来时变过去将来时：•Shesaid,“Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”•→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.④.现在完成时变过去完成时：•Shesaid.“Ihavelostapen.”•→Shesaidthatshehadlostapen⑤.现在进行时变过去进行时：•Shesaidtome,“I’mstudyingJapanesethesedays.”•→ShetoldmethatshewasstudyingJapanesethosedays.2).时态不需要变化的是：a.直接引语中是：①.客观真理：•“Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”saidtheteacher.•→Theteachersaidtheearthgoesaroundthesun.②.有具体的过去年月日：•XiaoWangsaid.“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”•→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980.③.过去完成时：•Shesaid,“TheyhadleftwhenIarrivedthere.”•→Shesaidtheyhadleftwhenshearrivedthere.④.过去进行时：•Jacksaid,“John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?”•→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet.⑤.情态动词没有过去时的形式（oughtto,hadbetter,usedto)或已经是过去时的形式时(could,should,would,might)：•Petersaid.“Youhadbettercomehavetoday.”•→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.•Hesaid,“IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix.”•→Hesaidthathecouldswimwhenhewasonlysix.⑥.一般现在时(表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作)：•Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning.”•→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.⑦.一般现在时(表示所述事实在当时和目前同样生效)：•Hesaid,“I’maboy,notagirl.”•→Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.b.主句时态(引号外句子)是：①.一般现在时。如：•Hesays,“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.”•→Hesaysthathehasfinishedhishomework.②.一般将来时。如：•Shewillsay,“I'lldoittomorrow.”•→Shewillsaythatshe'lldoitthenextday.2.人称变化(一般遵循这句顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称无变化”)1).“一随主”是指引号内的主语人称是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，变间接引语时，人称要变成引号外的主语人称。如：①.Theysaid,“Wewillgotherebybus.”•→Theysaidtheywouldgotherebybus.②.Shesaid“Mysisterwantstogowithme.”•→Shesaid(that)hersisterwantedtogowithher.2).“二随宾”是指引号内的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，变间接引语时，人称要变成引号外的宾语人称。如果引号外没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。如：①.Shesaidtome,“Areyouinterestedinscience?”•→SheaskedmeifIwasinterestedinscience.②.HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?•→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.③.Shesaid,“Yourpronunciationisbetterthanhis.”•→Shetoldmethatmypronunciationwasbetterthanhis.3).“第三人称不用变”是指引号内的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，变间接引语时，人称一般不需要变化。如：①.Hismothersaidtome,“Hecan'tgotoschool.”•→Hismothertoldmethathecouldn'tgotoschool.②.MrSmithsaid,Jack’sbrotherisagoodworker.•→MrSmithsaidJack’sbrotherwasagoodworker.3.指示代词变化1).this---that•Hesaid,“Iwantthis.”→Hesaidthathewantedthat.2).these---those•Hesaid,Thesebooksaremine.→Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.△(如果转述发生在当天、当地的事，引语中的(come,here,today,thismorning,yesterday,tomorrow)等不必改变：•Bob’swifesaid,“Bob,youforgotyourwalletthismorning.”•→Bob’swifetoldBobthatheforgothiswalletthismorning.4.时间状语变化1).now---then•Hesaid,“Iamverybusynow.”•→Hesaidhewasverybusythen.2).today---thatday•Kittysaid“I’llcallagainaftersuppertoday.”•→Kittysaidshewouldcallagainaftersupperthatday.3).tonight---thatnight•Shesaid,“Iwillcomehereagaintonight.”•→Shesaidshewouldgothereagainthatnight.4).thisweek(month,etc)---thatweek(month,etc)•“Iwilltakethedictionaryhomewithmethisweek,”hesaid.•→Hesaidthathewouldtakethedictionaryhomewithhimthatweek.5).yesterday---thedaybefore•Hesaid,“Iboughtabikeyesteray.”•→Hesaidthathehadboughtabikethedaybefore.6).yestersaymorning---themorningbefore•Hesaid,“Iarrivedyesterdaymorning.”•→Hesaidhehadarrivedthemorningbefore.7).thedaybeforeyesterday---twodaysbefore•Hesaid,“Isawafilmthedaybeforeyesteray.”•→Hesaidthathehadseenafilmtwodaysbefore.8).lastweek(month,etc)---theweek(month,etc)before•Shesaid,“HeleftforShanghailastweek.”•→ShesaidthathehadleftforShanghaitheweekbefore.9).tomorrow---thenext(following)day•Shesaid,“I'lldoittomorrow.”•→Shesaidthatshewoulddoitthenextday.10).tomorrowmorning---thenext(following)morning•Shesaid,“Mysisterwillbebacktomorrowmorning.”•→Shesaidthathersisterwouldbebackthenextmorning.11).thedayaftertomorrow---intwodays’time•Shesaidtome,“IwillvisitShanghaithedayaftertomorrow.”•→ShetoldmethatshewouldvisitShanghaiintwodays’time.12).nextweek(month,etc)---thenext(following)week(month,etc)•Heasked,“Whereisshegoingnextweek?”•→Heaskedherwhereshewasgoingthenextweek.13).a/oneyear(twoyears)ago---a/oneyear(twoyears)before•“Whathappenedtohertwoyearsago?”heasked.•→Heasked(her)whathadhappenedtohertwoyearsbefore.5.地点状语变化1).here---there如：•Hesaid,“I’llcomeheretonight.”•→Hesaidhewouldgotherethatnight.•△如果转述发生在当天、当地的事，引语中的here不必改变：6.动词变化1).bring---take•Hesaid,“Iwillbringthedictionarytoyoutonight.”•→Hesaidthathewouldtakethedictionarytomethatnight.2).come---go•Petersaid.“Youhadbettercomeheretoday.”•→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.3).can---could•Tomsaid,“Icanswimacrossthisriver.”•→Tomsaidthathecouldswimthatriver.4).may---might•MarysaidtoJim,“Youmaygohomenow.”•→MarytoldJimthathemightgohomethen.5).must---hadto(wouldhaveto)如：•“Youmuststayinbedforafewdays,”saidthedoctor.•→ThedoctortoldmethatIhadtostayinbedforafewdays.△如果转述发生在当天、当地的事，引语中的come不必改变：改错：1.JohnsaidthatheisgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.2.HetoldmethathehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.3.TheteachertoldmethatImustpaymoreattentiontohispronunciation.4.Hesaidthesebookswerehis.5.Shesaidthatshewouldgothisevening6.Hesaidthathewaswashing