2013届高三英语二轮复习专题课件:第九讲 特殊句式(倒装、省略和强调)

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新课标高考总复习·英语(配外研版)新课标高考总复习·英语(配外研版)近几年来高考对省略、倒装、强调及其他一些特殊句式的考查较多,不但考查各种句式的基本结构,而且考查在具体语境中的用法,以及与定语从句、状语从句结合在一起的混合考查,有时还考查倒装句和强调句的变形。从试卷看,这类题目的结构复杂程度及句意理解难度都加大了,并且注重知识类题目的情景也是近几年高考命题的趋势。省略句主要考查状语从句中的省略。倒装主要考查only+状语以及介词、副词、否定词放在句首等。强调考查的是强调句型以及和其它句型混合在一起的用法。新课标高考总复习·英语(配外研版)一、倒装句用法一览表类别倒装条件倒装方法典句示例全部倒装(把全部谓语提到主语之前)以here,there,in,up,down,away等副词开头,谓语动词多为be,come,go等副词+谓语+主语Therestandsatempleonthetopofthemountain.Outrushedacatfromunderthetable.以then,now,thus,such开头,谓语动词多为come,follow,begin,end,be,主语又是名词时副词+谓语+主语Nowcomesyourturn.SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplebutgreatscientist.新课标高考总复习·英语(配外研版)类别倒装条件倒装方法典句示例表地点的介词短语位于句首,且谓语动词为不及物动词介词短语+谓语+主语BetweenthetwowindowshangsalargemapofChina.Alongthedustyroadcameagroupoftourists.全部倒装(把全部谓语提到主语之前)表语置于句首,为了保持句子平衡,以示强调,或上下文衔接可倒装介词短语形容词分词+be+主语Outsidethedoctor’sclinicwere20patients.PresentatthemeetingwereexpertsfromEurope.Gonearethedayswhenwewerepoor.HangingonthewallwasapaintingbyQiBaishi.suchislife新课标高考总复习·英语(配外研版)类别倒装条件倒装方法典句示例“only+状语”放于句首时Only+副词介词短语状语从句+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语+谓语其它部分OnlythendidIknowtheimportanceoflearning.Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.Onlyafterhefinishedtheworkdidheleave.部分倒装(助动词,系动词be,情态动词提到主语之前)含有否定意义的副词或词组(never,seldom,little,hardly,bynomeans,notuntil)位于句首时否定副词或词组+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语+谓语其他部分NeverbeforehaveIseenamovingfilm.Notuntilthendidherealizehisownfault.新课标高考总复习·英语(配外研版)类别倒装条件倒装方法典句示例部分倒装(助动词,系动词be,情态动词提到主语之前)hardly...when,nosooner...than,notonly...but(also)等引导两个分句时,前一个分句用部分倒装,后一个分句不变Hardly/Nosooner/Notonly+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语+谓语其他部分+when/than/butalso+分句Hardly/Nosoonerhadhearrivedwhen/thanshestartedcomplaining.Notonlywasthecoatsoft,butitwasalsowarm.so...that中的so位于句首时So+adj./adv.+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语其他部分+that从句SosmallwasthemarketthatIcouldhardlyseeit.SoclearlydoeshespeakEnglishthathecanalwaysmakehimselfunderstood.新课标高考总复习·英语(配外研版)类别倒装条件倒装方法典句示例so/neither/nor置于句首,意为“也”或“也不”,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时so/neither/nor+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语...Theylovehavinglotsoffriends,sodothosewithdisabilities.Lilycan’tride,neither/norcanLucy.though/as引导让步状语从句时,意为“尽管”,通常把句中状语、表语或动词提前;若表语是名词,其前不用冠词状语表语动词+though/as+主谓结构Manashewas,hebehavedlikeawoman.Failthoughhedid,hewouldnevergiveupOldas/thoughheis,heisstillworkinghard.部分倒装(助动词,系动词be,情态动词提到主语之前)当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had,were或should等时,如将if省略,则要将had,were或should等移到主语之前Had/Were/Should+主语+谓语其他部分+主句HadIattendedthemeeting,IwouldhavemetJim.新课标高考总复习·英语(配外研版)类别倒装条件倒装方法典句示例特别提醒:1.there,here,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out等副词置于句首,但主语为人称代词时,不用倒装。2.only虽在句首,但不修饰状语时用正常语序。3.so表示“是的,确实”时,主谓语不倒装。4.though引导的让步状语从句也可不用倒装语序。5.当前面两件事或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时,通常用“soitiswith...”或“itisthesamewith...”Hereyouare.Thenheleft.Awaytheyhurried.OnlyIcangothere.—Itishot.—Soitis.Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.Tomlikessinging,buthedoesn’tlikedancing.SoitiswithMary.新课标高考总复习·英语(配外研版)二、省略句用法一览表种类要点归纳典句示例宾语从句由which,when,where或how引导的宾语从句中与主句重复的主语及谓语,可全部或部分省略,只保留一个连接代词或连接副词Hewillcomeback,buthedoesn’tknowwhen(hewillcomeback).引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。但要注意,及物动词后跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个连词that可省略Hetoldme(that)shewasabeautifulgirlandthatshewasclever.I’mafraid,Ithink,Ibelieve,Ihope,Iguess等作答语,后面so与not分别等于肯定和否定,宾语从句可省略—Doyouthinkitwillrain?—Ihopenot(thatitwillnotrain).新课标高考总复习·英语(配外研版)种类要点归纳典句示例定语从句在限制性定语从句中,关系代词that,which,whom充当宾语,而且前面无介词时可省略。关系代词在从句中作表语时也可省略Thecar(which/that)hisfathergavehimasabirthdaypresentwasstolen.Chinaisnolongeracountry(that)itusedtobe.状语从句当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it且从句中有be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词As(hewas)ayoungman,hestudiedlawandbecamealawyer.Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)insearchofsomething.Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan(itwas)expected.If(itis)so,youmustgobackandgetit.虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中,如含有had,were,should等助动词,if可省略,句子要用倒装WereI(=IfIwere)twentynow,Iwouldjointhearmy.新课标高考总复习·英语(配外研版)种类要点归纳典句示例动词不定式不定式符号to的省略感官动词或使役动词(如feel,see,hear,notice,let,make,have等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略toMymotherwouldn’tletmegotoseethefilm.在donothingbut,can’thelpbut,whynot,wouldrather...than...,prefertodo...ratherthan...等句式中Ratherthanrideonacrowdedbus,healwayspreferstorideabicycle.不定式省略使用不定式符号to来代替不定式后被省略的动词,常在beafraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等的后边Iaskedhimtoseethefilm,buthedidn’twantto.在某些形容词glad,happy,pleased,delighted等后面—Willyoujoininthegame?—I’dbegladto.如果不定式中含有be,have,havebeen,通常保留be,have和havebeen—Areyouasailor?—No,butIusedtobe.新课标高考总复习·英语(配外研版)三、强调句用法一览表种类要点归纳典句示例强调句Itis/was...that/who可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调。当强调部分为“人”时,可用that或who,其他情况下用thatItwasinthestreetthatIsawhimyesterdayafternoon.在强调句中,当强调主语时,其后的谓语动词应紧跟其主语,即人称和数要一致ItisWhiteandBettywhooftendogooddeedsfortheoldlady.ItisonlyIwho/thatamwillingtogotoseethefilm.如果原句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时,强调句结构须用:Itis...that/who...;如原句的谓语动词是过去时态,则其结构须用Itwas...that/who...ItwasIwhosawhiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon.Whatisitthatyouwantmetodo?“not...until...”句型的强调结构为“Itis/wasnotuntil...that...”ItwasnotuntilthelastoperationwasfinishedthatBethuneleftthebattlehospital.强调句的特殊疑问句型为:疑问词+is/was+it+that/who...?WherewasitthatyoumetJackyesterday?新课标高考总复习·英语(配外研版)种类要点归纳典句示例谓语动词的强调do/does/did+动词原形DocomeonSunday.Hedidfinishthetaskcompletelylastweek.新课标高考总复习·英语(配外研版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