【英美文学】武大老师的课件 英国文学浪漫主义时期pptThe Romantic Period

TheRomanticPeriod(1798-1832)HistoricalBackgroundPolitically:theFrenchRevolutionDeclarationofRightsofMan(1791-2),ThomasPaineInquiryconcerningPoliticalJustice(1793),WilliamGodwinAVindicationoftheRightsofWoman(1792),MaryWollstonecraftIdeologicallyTheprincipleofRationwasgivingwaytoanindividualized,free,liberal,imaginativeattitudetowardslife;atendencytoturnorescapefromthetumultuousandconfusingHereandNowEconomically:thegreatIndustrialRevolutionContinuedfastchangestookplacebothinthecountryandinthecities;Manyfarmhandsdrivenoutoflandrushedintothecity;Womenandchildrenwereemployedascheaplabor;Newmachinesweresetup,renderingmanyoutofwork;Disparitywasgrowingbetweentherichandthepoor;Expansionabroadcontinued:(America),Australia,Canada,NewZealand,India,theWestIndiesandothernations.Romanticism/theRomanticMovementanattitudeorintellectualorientationthatcharacterizedmanyworksofartsinWesterncivilizationoveraperiodfromthelate18thtothemid-19thcentury.arejectionofthepreceptsoforder,calm,harmony,balance,idealization,andrationalityareactionagainsttheEnlightenmentandagainst18th-centuryrationalismandphysicalmaterialismingeneral.emphasizingtheindividual,thesubjective,theirrational,theimaginative,thepersonal,thespontaneous,theemotional,thevisionary,andthetranscendental.Characteristicattitudesadeepenedappreciationofthebeautiesofnature;ageneralexaltationofemotionoverreasonaturninginupontheselfandaheightenedexaminationofhumanpersonalityanditsmoodsandmentalpotentialities;creativespiritoverstrictadherencetoformalrulesandtraditionalprocedures;anemphasisuponimaginationanobsessiveinterestinfolkculture,nationalandethnicculturalorigins,andthemedievalera;andapredilectionfortheexotic,theremote,themysteriousLiteraturePoetry:theAgeofPoetryDifferencesbetween18th-centuryand19th-century(betweenNeoclassicismandRomanticism)reasonvspassionreasonvsimaginationcommercialvsnaturalindustrialvspastoralpresentvspastsocietyvsindividualorderandstabilityvsfreedomdecorativeexpressionvssimpleandspontaneousexpressionNewpoeticfeatureslanguage:simple,everydaylifespeech,commonvocabularyandaccentdialecte.g.Blake,Wordsworthform:lyrics(sonnet,ode),narrative(ballad)purpose:emotional,confessionalandvisionary/propheticprinciples:imaginationsubject:naturetherural/pastoralthepast/historicalthealien/exotic,orientalthesupernatural/mysterious(dreamsordream-like)thepersonalthecommon/lowclasstherevolutionarythepatrioticSchoolsofRomanticPoetsPre-romanticpoetsWilliamBlake:mysterious,philosophical,visionarySongsofInnocenceSongsofExperienceMarriageofHeavenandHellRobertBurns:Scottishdialect,balladsLakePoets:Wordsworth,Coleridge,Southey,2PoetLaureate:radicalyouth;conservativeoldage;longlifeWilliamWordsworth:nature,country,poorpeople,anti-industrializatione.g.LyricalBallads(Prelude);NatureandcountrypoemsSamuelColeridge:mysterious/demonic,dreamy,oriental,visionarye.g.TheRimeofAncientMarinerandKublaKhanSatanicschool:rebellious,revolutionary,romantic,shortlifeGeorgeGordonByron:romantic,revolutionary,satiric,proudandangrye.g.DonDuan,ChildeHarold'sPilgrimageandManfredPercyByssheShelley:revolutionary,prophetic,optimistice.g.PrometheusUnboundandOdetotheWestWindJohnKeats:melancholy,ageniuspropoundingontruthandbeautye.g.OdetotheNightingale,OdeonaGrecianUrn,OdetoPsycheandOdetoMelancholyProsefamiliaressaysofjournalsandnewspaperse.g.CharlesLamb,LeeHunt,deQuinceyliterarycriticism/reviewsasauthorityCharlesLamb,LeeHunt,deQuinceynovelistse.g.JaneAusten,therealistandWalterScott,the1sthistoricalnovelist/romanticpoetWilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)LifeFamily:MotherdiedwhenhewaseightandFatherdiedwhenhewas13Separatedfromhissister,Dorothy,in1778anddidnotseeheragainuntil1787Greatlyaffectedbyhisbrother'sdeathin1805Earlyexperience:AttendedHawksheadGrammarSchoolin1778AttendedCambridgefrom1787-1791butfailedtograduateVisitedFrancein1790andinfluencedbytheturmoiloftheFrenchRevolutionLeftcollegein1791inordertoreturntoFranceandsupporttheRevolutionResidenceintheLakeDistrictDoveCottageinGrasmere:LyricalBalladsandthe“LakePoets”RydalMount:spenthislateryears;turnedtobeconservative;MajorWorksLyricalBalladsin1798withSamuelTaylorColeridgeThePrelude-Longautobiographicalpoemwrittenbetween1798-1805523sonnetsSubjectsPoemsonnature“ToaButterfly”“ToaSkylark”“TotheCuckoo”“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”“TinternAbbey”PoemsonsimplerusticlifeinthecountrysideLucypoems“SheDweltAmongtheUntroddenWays”Otherpoemsaboutcommonpeopleandtheirhumblelife“Michael”“TheSolitaryReaper”Theautobiographicallongpoem:ThePreludeBook1-8:thepoet’searlylifeBook9-14:thepoet’sgrowingmaturityWordsworth’stheoryofpoetry“Theprincipalobject,then,whichIproposedtomyselfinthesepoemsaretochooseincidentsandsituationsfromcommonlifeandtorelateordescribethem,throughout,asfaraswaspossible,inaselectionoflanguagereallyusedbymen;and,atthesametime,tothrowoverthemacertaincolouringofimagination,wherebyordinarythingsshouldbepresentedtothemindinanunusualway;andaboveall,tomaketheseincidentsandsituationsinterestingbytra