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GrammarandUsageLead-inT:Whatdidyoueatthismorning?Tom:‘Iate….’T：WhatdidTomsay,Jack?Jack:Hesaidheate….directspeechreportedspeechWeusedirectspeechtoreportwhatexactlyhasbeensaid.Ifwewritethespeechdown,thewordswillusuallyappearinquotationmarks.1.Whichoneisdirectspeechandwhichoneisreportedspeech?Hesaid,‘Iwillgotoschooltomorrow.’Shetoldussomethingsecret.2.Changethedirectspeechintoreportedspeech.Shesaid,‘Thisfilmisquiteinteresting.’‘Finishtheprojecttomorrow.’hesaidtome.(directspeech)(reportedspeech)Shesaidthatthatfilmwasquiteinteresting.Heaskedmetofinishtheprojectthenextday.(Changewhathasbeensaidtoanobjectclauseoraninfinitivephrase.)Whatshouldwepayattentionto?personalpronounsandtensese.g.MissYangsaid,‘Iwillbuyanewdress.’MissYangsaidthatshewouldbuyanewdress.Ex.Simonsaid,‘Iwrotealetter.’Howtochangethetense?Havealook.Simonsaidthathehadwrittenaletter.DirectSpeechReportedspeechDirectSpeechReportedspeechSimplepresentSimplepastSimplefutureFutureinthepastPresentcontinuousPastcontinuousPastperfectPastperfectSimplepastPastperfectPresentperfectcontinuousPastperfectcontinuousPresentperfectPastperfectPractice1:Changethefollowingsentencesintoreportedspeech.1‘Ihaven’tbroughtmydictionary,’thestudentsaid.2Tomsaidtothem,‘Iwillgetexcited.’3Myfathersaidtome,‘Iamreadingthebook.’Thestudentsaidthathehadn’tbroughthisdictionary.Tomtoldthemthathewouldgetexcited.Myfathertoldmethathewasreadingthebook.Whatshouldwepayattentionto?1personalpronounsandtense2adverbialsoftimeandplacee.g:Hesaid,‘Ilostakeyhereyesterday.’Hesaidthathehadlostakeytherethedaybefore/thepreviousday.Ex.‘Ireadthebookhereaweekago.’Janesaidtohim.Janetoldhimthatshehadreadthebookthereaweekbefore.learnmoreaboutitDirectspeechReportedspeechtodaytheday/yesterday/onMonday,etc.tomorrowthenextday/thefollowingday/onFriday,etcyesterdaythedaybefore/thepreviousday/onTuesday,etcnextmonththemonthafter/thefollowingmonth/inJuly,etclastyeartheyearbefore/thepreviousyear,etc.aweekagoaweekbefore/aweekearlier,etc.Practice2:Changethefollowingsentencesintoreportedspeech.1‘Iwillcomeandseeyouagainthisevening,Tom.’hesaid.2‘Iwillcomehereagaintoday,’shesaid.3Thedoctorsaidtothepatient,‘Youwillhavetowaittill3pmtomorrow.’HetoldTomthathewouldgoandseehimagainthatevening.Shesaidthatshe’dgothereagainthatday.The1doctortoldthepatientthathewouldhavetowaittill3pmthenextday.Whatshouldwepayattentionto?1personalpronounsandtense2adverbialsoftimeandplace3othercasesDirectedspeechReportedspeechthisthatthesethosecomegoNotice:1.直接引语中的谓语动词为一般过去时，如与一个表示过去的时间（入1992，lastweek）连用，在变为间接引语时可以不变。Myfathersaidtome,“Ireadthebookin1986”Myfathertoldmehereadthebookin1986.2.直接引语表达的意思是客观真理时，在变为间接引语时时态不变。Thegeographyteachersaidtous,“Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”Thegeographyteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.CompletethememoatPage9Possibleanswers:(1)was(2)wouldn’t(3)hadread(4)that(5)would(6)hadbought(7)that(8)would(9)those(10)Her(11)was(12)wasgoingtoreadHowtousereportedspeechtoreport:statementsquestionsimperativesentencesStatements:*Weusenounclausesintroducedbythattoreportstatements.Shesaid,‘Adsareanimportantpartofourlives.’Shesaidthatadsareanimportantpartofourlives.‘Therearetwomaintypesofads,’thewritersaidtous.Thewritertoldusthattherearetwomaintypesofads.*Morereportingwords:‘PSAsareoftenplacedforfree,’thewritersaid.ThewriterexplainedthatPSAsareoftenplacedforfree.adviseagreeexplaininsistpromiseremindsuggestwarnCanyougivemoreexamples?Practice:Changethefollowingsentencesintodirectspeech.1TomsuggestedthatweshouldtranslatethebookintoEnglish.2Thestudentexplainedthathereallydidn’tknowhehadtofinishtheworkaweekbefore.3Theteacherpromisedthathewouldgivehisstudentsafewholidaysattheendofthatmonth.Tomsaid,‘You’dbettertranslatethebookintoEnglish.’Thestudentsaid,‘Ireallydon’tknowImustfinishtheworkaweekago.’Theteachersaid,‘Iwillgivemystudentsafewholidaysattheendofthismonth.’Questions:*Weusenounclausesintroducedbywhether/iftoreportyes/no-questions.‘Arealladsplayingtricksonus?’Iaskedher.Iaskedherwhether/ifalladswereplayingtricksonus.*Weusenounclausesintroducedbywh-wordstoreportwh-questions.Iaskedher,‘Howcanthatbetrue?’Iaskedherhowthatcouldbetrue.“Wheredidyoufindtheadsforjobsabroad?’Billasked.BillaskedwhereIhadfoundtheadsforjobsabroad.Practice:Changethefollowingsentencesintoreportedspeech.1Mymotheraskedme,‘DoyouwanttogototheGreatWallwithme?’2Theteacheraskedtheboy,‘Howmanypageshaveyoureadtoday?’3IaskedLiYing,‘Whereandwhenwereyouborn?’MymotheraskedmewhetherIwantedtogototheGreatWallwithher.Theteacheraskedtheboyhowmanypageshehadreadthatday.IaskedLiYingwhereandwhenhewasborn.Imperativesentences:*Toreportimperativesentences,weusethestructure:reportingverb+object+(not)+to-infinitive.‘Don’tworry,Mickey,’Jensaid.JenaskedMickeynottoworry.*otherverbscanbeusedinthisstructure‘Don’tbelieveeveryadyouread,’Lilysaidtome.LilyadvisedmenottobelieveeveryadIread.reportingverbobject(not)to-infinitiveadviseencourageinviteremindwarnLet’sdosomeExforconsolidation!Youcandoitwell!Practice:Changethefollowingsentencesintodirectspeech.1Theteacherremindedmenottoforgettolearnthedialoguebyheart.2