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linuxlinuxcatcat[-AbeEnstTuv][--help][--version]fileNamefileName-n--number1-b--number-nonblank-n-s--squeeze-blank-v--show-nonprintingcat-ntextfile1textfile2textfile1textfile2cat-btextfile1textfile2textfile3textfile1textfile2textfile3:cd::cd[dirName]:dirNamedirNamehomedirectory(login)~homedirectory...:/usr/bin/:cd/usr/binhomedirectory:cd~:cd../..1:chmod::chmod[-cfvR][--help][--version]modefile...:Linux/Unix:chmod:mode::[ugoa...][[+-=][rwxX]...][,...]ug(group)oa+-=rwxX-c:-f:-v:-R:()--help:--version::file1.txt:chmodugo+rfile1.txtfile1.txt:chmoda+rfile1.txtfile1.txtfile2.txt:chmodug+w,o-wfile1.txtfile2.txtex1.py:chmodu+xex1.py:chmod-Ra+r*chmodchmod777filechmodabcfilea,b,cUserGroupOther2r=4w=2x=1rwx4+2+1=7rw-4+2=6r-x4+1=7chmoda=rwxfilechmod777filechmodug=rwx,o=xfilechmod771filechmod4755filenameroot:chown:root:chmod[-cfhvR][--help][--version]user[:group]file...:Linux/Unixchown(root)(root):user:IDgroup:(group)-c:-f:-h:(link)link-v:-R:()--help:--version:3:file1.txtusersjessie:chownjessie:usersfile1.txtuserslamport:chmod-Rlamport:users*cpcp[options]sourcedestcp[options]source...directory-a-rsource-faaa()bbb:cpaaabbbCFinished:cp*.cFinishedcutcut-cnum1-num2filenamenum1num2shellcatexample4test2thisistest1shellcut-c0-6example##print6test2thisi:find:find:expressionfindpathexpression-(),!pathexpressionpathexpression-printexpressionexpression-mount,-xdev:-aminn:n-anewerfile:file-atimen:n-cminn:n-cnewerfile:file-ctimen:n-empty:-gidnor-groupname:gidngroupname-ipathp,-pathp:pipath-namename,-inamename:nameiname-sizen:nb512ckkilobytesw-typec:cd:c:b:p:f:l:s:socket-pidn:processidn()exp1-andexp25!expr-notexprexp1-orexp2exp1,exp2:c#find.-name*.c#find.-ftypef20#find.-ctime-20lessless[Option]filenamelessmorelessless(vi):ln::ln[options]sourcedistoption:[-bdfinsvF][-Sbackup-suffix][-V{numbered,existing,simple}][--help][--version][--]:Linux/Unix(link)6:(hardlink)(symboliclink)lnsourcedist(dist)source-f:dist-d:-i:dist-n:dist-s:(symboliclink)-v:-b:-SSUFFIX:SUFFIX-VMETHOD:--help:--version::yysymboliclink:zzln-syyzzyyhardlink:zzlnyyxxlocatelocate[-q][-d][--database=]locate[-r][--regexp=]locate[-qv][-o][--output=]locate[-e][-f][-l][-c][-U][-u]locate[-Vh][--version][--help]locatedistributioncontab#locateyour_file_name-u-U7-u-U-e-l1locate-fproc-q-n-r-o-d-h-v-Vlocatechdrv:chdrvlocate-n100a.out:a.out100locate-u:8:ls::ls[-alrtAFR][name...]:)-a(ls.)-l-r()-t-A-a.()..()-F*,/-Rs:ls-ltrs*/bin:ls-lR/bin/,*:ls-AFmoremore[-dlfpcsu][-num][+/pattern][+linenum][fileNames..]catspacebbackvih-num-d[Pressspacetocontinue,qtoquit.][Presshforinstructions.]-l^L-f-p-c-p-s-uTERMterminal9+/pattern+numnumfileNamesmore-stestfiletestfilemore+20testfile20testfilemvmv[options]sourcedestmv[options]source...directory-iaaabbb:mvaaabbbCFinished:mv-i*.crmrm[options]name...-i-f-rC:rm-i*.c10Finished:rm-rFinishedrmdirrmdir[-p]dirName-pAAA:rmdirAAABBBTestTestBBBBBBrmdir-pBBB/Testsplitsplit[OPTION][INPUT[PREFIX]]INPUTPREFIXaa,PREFIXab...PREFIX`xINPUT`--b,--bytes=SIZESIZEbyte-C,--line-bytes=SIZE11byte-l,--lines=NUMBERNUMBER-NUMBER-lNUMBER--verbose--help--versionSIZE:b512k1Km1MegPostgresSQLPostgresdumpsplit%pg_dumpdbname|split-b1m-filename.dump.%createdbdbname%catfilename.dump.*|pgsqldbnametouchtouch[-acfm][-rreference-file][--file=reference-file]12[-tMMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]][-dtime][--date=time][--time={atime,access,use,mtime,modify}][--no-create][--help][--version]file1[file2...]touchls-lamc--no-createfunixr--filedtdate--no-create--help--versiontouchfiletouchfile1file2file56183dateMMDDHHmmtouch-c-t05061803filetouch-c-t050618032000filefilereferencefiletouch-rreferencefilefilefile56183am,pm246May200013touch-d6:03pmfiletouch-d05/06/2000filetouch-d6:03pm05/06/2000file14linux[2]Linux:at::at-V[-qqueue][-ffile][-mldbv]TIME:atTIMETIMEHH:MMHHMMam,pm,midnight,noon,teatime(4)MMDDYYMM/DD/YYMMDDYYnow+minutes,hours,days,weekstodaytomorrowenteratctrl+D:-V:-q:(Queue)atqueuequeuequeuea,b,c...zA,B,...Z52-m:/,-ffile:-l:(atqat-l)-d:(atrmat-d)-v::5/bin/ls:at5pm+3days/bin/ls5/bin/ls:at5pm+2weeks/bin/ls17:20/bin/date:at17:20tomorrow/bin/date151999theendofworld!at23:5912/31/1999echotheendofworld!calcal[-mjy][month[year]](1-9999)``cal89\198917529310-m:-j:-y:cal:[root@mylinux/root]#dateTueAug1508:00:18CST2000[root@mylinux/root]#calAugust2000SuMoTuWeThFrSa12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031[root@mylinux/root]#16cal2001:2001[root@mylinux/root]#cal20012001JanuaryFebruaryMarchSuMoTuWeThFrSaSuMoTuWeThFrSaSuMoTuWeThFrSa123456123123789101112134567891045678910141516171819201112131415161711121314151617212223242526271819202122232418192021222324282930312526272825262728293031AprilMayJuneSuMoTuWeThFrSaSuMoTuWeThFrSaSuMoTuWeThFrSa12345671234512891011121314678910111234567891516171819202113141516171819101112131415162223242526272820212223242526171819202122232930272829303124252627282930JulyAugustSeptemberSuMoTuWeThFrSaSuMoTuWeThFrSaSuMoTuWeThFrSa123456712341891011121314567891011234567815161718192021121314151617189101112131415222324252627281920212223242516171819202122293031262728293031232425262728293