Developments_in_Lithium-Ion_Battery_Technology(Fre

DevelopmentsinLithium-IonBatteryTechnologyinThePeoplesRepublicofChinaANL/ESD/08-1EnergySystemsDivisionAvailabilityofThisReportThisreportisavailable,atnocost,at:U.S.DepartmentofEnergy Office of Scientific and Technical InformationP.O.Box62OakRidge,TN37831-0062phone[phone]fax(865)[e-mail]aspreparedasanaccountofworksponsoredbyanagencyoftheUnitedStatesGovernment.NeithertheUnitedStatesGovernment nor any agency thereof, nor UChicago Argonne, LLC, nor any of their employees or officers, makes any warranty, express orimplied,orassumesanylegalliabilityorresponsibilityfortheaccuracy,completeness,orusefulnessofanyinformation,apparatus,product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercialproduct,process,orservicebytradename,trademark,manufacturer,orotherwise,doesnotnecessarilyconstituteorimplyitsendorsement,recommendation,orfavoringbytheUnitedStatesGovernmentoranyagencythereof.Theviewsandopinionsofdocument authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof, ArgonneNationalLaboratory,orUChicagoArgonne,LLC.AboutArgonneNationalLaboratoryArgonneisaU.S.DepartmentofEnergylaboratorymanagedbyUChicagoArgonne,LLCundercontractDE-AC02-06CH11357.TheLaboratory’smainfacilityisoutsideChicago,at9700SouthCassAvenue,Argonne,Illinois60439.ForinformationaboutArgonne,see—TechnologyDiscussion.......................91.3Lithium-IonBatteryThermalManagement...............................................................111.4AirCoolingversusLiquidCooling............................................................................121.5ActiveversusPassiveSystems..................................................................................131.6Cooling-OnlySystemsversusCoolingandHeatingSystems...................................131.7SeriesversusParallelAirDistribution.......................................................................131.8ThermalManagementforValve-RegulatedLead-Acid,NiMH,andLithium-IonBatteries.................................................................................................141.9HeatGenerationandHeatCapacity...........................................................................151.10Lithium-BasedBatteries:AdvantagesandChallenges..............................................152LITHIUM-IONBATTERIES:STATEOFTHEART......................................................172.1PerformanceandLife.................................................................................................172.2Cost............................................................................................................................192.3Lithium-IonBatterySafety........................................................................................212.4Lithium-IonBatteryIndustryinChina......................................................................222.5InternationalStandardsfortheBatteryIndustry........................................................222.6InternationalMarketCompetition..............................................................................232.7GrowthofLithium-IonBatteryTechnologyinChina...............................................242.8KeyRawMaterial......................................................................................................243LITHIUM-IONBATTERYTECHNOLOGYINCHINA.................................................263.1ProcesstoIdentifyCompaniesinChinaDevelopingLithium-IonBatteryTechnology....................................................................................