11.1.11.2NNNZQR.3aMaMaM.4..{x|x}x..5..().1.1.26BA)ABAB(1)AA(2)A(3)BABCAC(4)BABAABA(B)BAABBABABA1AA(2)ABBCACBAABABBA(1)AB(2)BAA(B)7A(1)nn2n21n21n22n.1.1.38AB{|,xxA}xB1AAA2A3ABAABBBAAB{|,xxA}xB1AAA2AA3ABAABBBAUAe{|,}xxUxA1()UAAe2()UAAUe1||(0)xaa{|}xaxa||(0)xaa|xxa}xa||,||(0)axbcaxbccaxb||xa||(0)xaa224bac0002(0)yaxbxcaO20(0)axbxca21,242bbacxa12)xx122bxxa()()()UUUABAB?()()()UUUABAB?20(0)axbxca1{|xxx2}xx{|x}2bxaR20(0)axbxca12{|}xxxx1.21.2.11ABfAxB()fxABABfAB:fAB:2,ababaxbx[,]abaxbx(,)abaxbaxbx[,)ab(,]ab,,,xaxaxbxbx[,),(,),(,],(,)aabb{|}xaxb(,)ababab3()fx()fx()fx1tanyx()2xkkZ()fx()fx[,]ab[()]fgx()agxb4()yfxyx2()()()0ayxbyxcy()0ay,xy2()4()()0byaycy1.2.256ABfABABABfAB:fABAB,aAbBabbaabyxo1.31.3.11Ix1x2,x1x2f(x1)f(x2)f(x)x1x2y=f(X)xyf(x)1f(x)2o1234Ix1x2x1x2f(x1)f(x2)f(x)y=f(X)yxoxx2f(x)f(x)2111234[()]yfgx()ugx()yfu()ugx[()]yfgx()yfu()ugx[()]yfgx()yfu()ugx[()]yfgx()yfu()ugx[()]yfgx2()(0)afxxax()fx(,]a[,)a[,0)a(0,]a3()yfxIM1xI()fxM20xI0()fxMM()fxmax()fxM()yfxIm1xI()fxm20xI0()fxmm()fxmax()fxm1.3.24f(x)xf(x)=f(x),f(x)12f(x)xf(x)=f(x),f(x)12y()fx0x(0)0fyy10,0,|()()hhhhyfxyfxh|0,0,|()()kkkkyfxyfxk|01,1,()()yfxyfx01,1,()()AAyfxyAfx()()xyfxyfx()()yyfxyfx()()yfxyfx1()()yxyfxyfx()(||)yyyyfxyfx()|()|xxyfxyfx23()2.12.1.11,,,1nxaaRxRnnNxannannanannanna0n0annananan0a()nnaannnaan(0)||(0)nnaaaaaa2(0,,,mnmnaaamnN1)n0011()()(0,,,mmmnnnaamnNaa1)n03(0,,)rsrsaaaarsR()(0,,)rsrsaaarsR()(0,0,)rrrabababrR2.1.24(0xyaa1)a1a01aR(0,)(0,1)0x1yRR1(0)1(0)1(0)xxxaxaxax1(0)1(0)1(0)xxxaxaxaxaaa2.22.2.11(0,1)xaNaaxaNlogaxNaNlog(0,1,0)xaxNaNaaNxayxy(0,1)O1yxayxy(0,1)O1y2log10alog1aalogbaab3lgN10logNlnNlogeN2.71828e40,1,0,0aaMNlogloglog()aaaMNMNlogloglogaaaMMNNloglog()naanMMnRlogaNaNloglog(0,)bnaanMMbnRbloglog(0,1)logbabNNbba2.2.25log(0ayxa1)a1a01a(0,)R(1,0)1x0y(0,)(0,)xyO(1,0)1xlogayxxyO(1,0)1xlogayxlog0(1)log0(1)log0(01)aaaxxxxxxlog0(1)log0(1)log0(01)aaaxxxxxxaaa(6)()yfxAC()yfxx()xyyC()xyxA()xyxy()xy()yfx1()xfy1()yfx7()yfx1()xfy1()xfy1()yfx8()yfx1()yfxyx()yfx1()yfx(,)Pab()yfx'(,)Pba1()yfx()yfx2.31yxx23(y)()(0,)(1,1)0[0,)0(0,)xyqp,pqpqZpqqpyxpqqpyxpqqpyx,(0,)yxx101xyx1xyx101xyx1xyx12()(0)fxaxbxca2()()(0)fxaxhka12()()()(0)fxaxxxxa2x()fx32()(0)fxaxbxca,2bxa24(,)24bacbaa0a(,]2ba[,)2ba2bxa2min4()4acbfxa0a(,]2ba[,)2ba2bxa2max4()4acbfxa2()(0)fxaxbxca240bacx11221212(,0),(,0),||||||MxMxMMxxa420(0)axbxca20(0)axbxca12,xx12xx2()fxaxbxca2bxakx1x2xy1x2x0aOabx20)(kfkxy1x2xOabx2k0a0)(kfx1x2kxy1x2x0aOabx2k0)(kfxy1x2xOabx2k0a0)(kfx1kx2af(k)00)(kfxy1x2x0aOkxy1x2xOk0a0)(kfk1x1x2k2xy1x2x0aO1k2k0)(1kf0)(2kfabx2xy1x2xO0a1k2k0)(1kf0)(2kfabx2x1x2k1x1x2k2f(k1)f(k2)0f(k1)=0f(k2)=0xy1x2x0aO1k2k0)(1kf0)(2kfxy1x2xO0a1k2k0)(1kf0)(2kfk1x1k2p1x2p252()(0)fxaxbxca[,]pq()fx[,]pqMm01()2xpq0a2bpa()mfp2bpqa()2bmfa2bqa()mfq02bxa()Mfq02bxa()Mfp()0a()2bpa()Mfp2bpqa()2bMfa2bqa()Mfq02bxa()mfq02bxa()mfp1))((Dxxfy0)(xfx))((Dxxfy2)(xfy0)(xf)(xfyx0)(xf)(xfyx)(xfy3)(xfy10)(xf2)(xfyxOf(p)f(q)()2bfaxOf(p)f(q)()2bfaxOf(p)f(q)()2bfaxOf(p)f(q)()2bfa0xxOf(p)f(q)()2bfa0xxOf(p)f(q)()2bfaxOf(p)f(q)()2bfaxOf(p)f(q)()2bfa0xxOf(p)f(q)()2bfaxOf(p)f(q)()2bfa0x4)0(2acbxaxy02cbxaxx02cbxaxx02cbxaxx21.11.212341.2.yxz3.512341.31232rrlS422RRlrrlS524RS1hSV2hSV313hSSSSV)314334RV2.12.1.1121450222rrlSDCBA22ACABCD311ALBL=LAB122ABC=ABC233P==LPL32.1.2124abcabcb4434a'b'abOO(0)ab2.1.32.1.41123aLACBAPL=ac2aa=Aa2.2.2.2.11ab=aab2.2.21abab=Pab21232.2.32.2.41aaab=b2=aab=b2.32.3.1