高中定语从句用法归纳

TheAttributiveClause定语从句定语的概念：（用来修饰名词的词）例：AbeautifulgirlanuglydogThegirlbehindthetreeisKate.Themandrivingtoofastwasdrunk.定语从句（用一个句子来修饰名词）例：ThegirlwhoisbehindthetreeisKate.Themanwhowasdrivingtoofastwasdrunk.定语从句的相关术语：被定语从句修饰的那个名词叫做先行词；引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系词的作用是代替先行词并在定语从句中充当一定的成分。ThegirlwhoissittingnearthetreeisKate.ThedoorwhichIknockedonwasrepaired.Thebuildingisourschool.Thebuildingstandsbytheriver.关系词与先行词的关系非常密切，关系词的使用取决于先行词，因为关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当一定的成分，所以它在一般情况下都紧紧跟在先行词之后。Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsbytheriverisourschool.先行词关系词定语从句which/that是关系词，它在从句中代替先行词thebuilding,同时担任从句中的主语。指出下列句子中的先行词，关系词，主句和从句以及关系词在从句中充当的成分并翻译下列句子。1.Ihaveasisterwho/thatworksinShanghai.2.Thewomanwhomwesawonthestreetgotthejob.3.Theplacewhichheoftenvisitsisalwaysfullofartists.4.You’retheonlypersonwhoseadvicehemightlistento.5.Istillrememberthedayswhenweworktogether.6.Ican’tfindtheplacewherewemetforthefirsttime.7.Isthatthereasonwhyyoudon’tlikehim?定语从句常用关系词关系代词：who,whom,whose,that,which,as等（代替先行词在句中作主、宾、定等成分）关系副词：where，when,why（在句中作状语）关系代词的判断步骤:首先，要看先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系代词可用who,whom,that。如果先行词指物,关系代词可用which,that;不管先行词指人还是指物，在定语从句中是所有格的关系就用whose然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词主格（不能省）宾格(可省略)所有格人who,that（who/whom/that）whose物which,that（which/that）whose,ofwhich关系代词1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.关系代词3.whose是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.4.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.TheTVset(which)heboughtyesterdayismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?关系副词的判断步骤:还是要先看先行词。如果先行词在从句中充当时间状语用when或介词+which;充当地点状语用where或介词+which;充当原因状语用why或介词+which。Istillrememberthedayswhenweworktogether.Ican’tfindtheplacewherewemetforthefirsttime.Isthatthereasonwhyyoudon’tlikehim?如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词Istillrememberthedayswhenweworktogether.Istillrememberthedayswhichwespenttogether.Ican’tfindtheplacewherewemetforthefirsttime.Ican’tfindtheplacewhichyouwenttolastSunday.Isthatthereasonwhyyoudon’tlikehim?Isthatthereasonwhichyoutoldtoyourmum?Jointhetwosentencesintoone,usingattributiveclause.1.Iknowtheperson.Hiscompanyproducesnewmachines.2.Sheistheengineer.Herworkisconsideredtobethebesthere.3.Thegirlisstandingthere.Thegirlismyeldersister.4.Thehouseisnearthetree.Thehousecaughtfirelastnight.Iknowthepersonwhosecompanyproducesnewmachines.Sheistheengineerwhoseworkisconsideredtobethebesthere.Thegirlismyeldersister.whoisstandingthereThehousecaughtfirelastnight.whichisnearthetree5.Thewomanworksinafactory.Youspoketoherjustnow.6.Thisisthehouse.Iwasborninthehouse.7.Iwillneverforgettheday.Weplayedintheparkonthatday.8.Thisisthereason.Hedidn'tcometoschoolforthisreason.Thewomanworksinafactory.whom/whoyouspoketojustnowThisisthehousewhere/inwhichIwasborn.Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichweplayedinthepark.Thisisthereasonforwhich/whyhedidn’tcometoschool.1.Thepicture________youarelookingatwasdrawnbyafriendofmine.2.Whatistheword______hewantedtolookup?3.Thewriter________worksIadmiremostisLuXun.4.ThisMr.Jackson,________eldestsonisafamousdoctor.5.ProfessorLiu,_______Imetamomentago,isover70.6.Thegirlontheleft,_______hairisred,iscalledMartha.7.Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehousethegreatwriterusedtolive.8.HewasbornintheyeartheSecondWorldWarbrokeout.Fillintheblankswithsuitablewords:that/whichwhich/thatwhosewhosewhomwhosewhere/inwhichinwhich/when1.Isthisthefactory________makescolorTVsets?2.Isthisthefactory________colorTVsetsaremade?3.Doyouknowthemuseum________manyfamouspaintingsareonshow?4.Thisisthemuseum________opensfromMondaytoFriday.5.I’llneverforgetthatmoment_______thefilmstartookaphotoofme.6.Ican’tforgetthedays________wespenttogetherinthesmallvillagemanyyearsago.7.Healwayswantstogotohishometownandvisittheplace____________hegrewup.8.Kunmingisacity_____________flowersareseenalltheyearround.9.Theairport_______is30kilometersawayistheonlyoneinthecity.which/thatwhere/inwhichwhere/inwhichwhich/thatwhen/atwhichwhich/thatwhere/atwhichWhere/inwhichwhich/that以下情况，引导词只能用that，不用which。1.当先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。e.g.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen.2.当先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，只能用that。e.g.Thisisthebestbook(that)I’veeverread.Heisthefirstmanthatgreetedmeintheschool.3.先行词被theonly，thevery，thelast修饰时，只能用that。e.g.HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow.YouaretheverypersonthatIamlookingfor.4.先行词同时指人和指物时，只能用that。e.g.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.5.当先行词前有all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few等词修饰时，只能用that。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句对被修饰词起到限制、修饰的作用，一般不可缺少。非限制性定语从句起补充、附带说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。e.g.Shesaidshehadfinishedherwork,whichIdoubtedverymuch.I’vegotsomepersonalaffairsthatIhavetodealwith.限制性定语从句所修饰的词代表一个或一类特定的人或事物，该种从句是不能去掉的，否则剩下的部分就没有了意义，不能说清楚问题。eg:Heisthemanwhowantstoseeyou.该从句为限制性定语从句，把定语从句去掉只剩下Heistheman,没有任何意义。后面的定语从句是修饰和限定前面的先行词的，使其具有一定的意义，故不能去掉。