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GrammarModalverbs情态动词Unit1Festivalsaroundtheworld主要情态动词•Can,could•May,might•Must/haveto•Need•Dare•Will/would•Shall/should/oughttoWhatmodalverbshaveyoulearned?·情态动词的语法特征1）情态动词本身具有一定的意义2）不能单独做谓语，不能独立使用。通常情况下，后面接动词原形，一起构成谓语3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化4）情态动词表示说话人的语气或情绪1)Someofuscanusethecomputernow,butwecouldn’tlastyear.2)Thenew-builttheatrecanseat1500people.3)Canshebeinthecomputercenter?4)Ithinkwhathesaidcannotbetrue.5)Can/CouldIuseyourdictionary?6)Couldyoulendmeahand?1.表能力3.表示“请求”“允许”(表请求时，口语中常用could代替can使语气更委婉，回答时用can)2.表示推测，意为“可能”“或许”，用于疑问句或否定句1.can与could4.表示“许可”，可与may换用。Youcangohomenow.5.can用于疑问句或否定句中时，表惊异、不相信等，意思是“可能、能够”。Howcanyousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle?6.can’t/couldn’t+have+done表示对过去情况的否定推测Susancan’thavewrittenareportlikethis.could+have+done表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遗憾;常译为本可以It’sapity.Yourclasscouldhavegotthefirstprize.1.Michael____beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may2.Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How____itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must3.----IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.----Oh,didyou?You____withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed4.MysistermethimattheGrandTheateryesterdayafternoon,sohe____yourlecture.A.couldn’thaveattendedB.needn’thaveattendedC.mustn’thaveattendedD.shouldn’thaveattendedBAAA2.may与might1.表示“许可”或“请求”，有“可以”的意思，口语中常用might代may,表示委婉语气。否定回答时用“mustnot/cannot”表“禁止，阻止”，不用“maynot”.Eg:---MayIwatchTVaftersupper?---Yes,youmay./No,youmustn’t.2.表示可能性。意为“或许，可能”might比may可能性小。Eg:1)Itmightbetrue.2)Theymaynotbeinthelibrarynow.3.Mayyou+动词原形表“希望、祝愿、祈求”“祝你……”Eg:Mayyousucceed.1.Peter_____comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will2.Somepeoplewhodon’tliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilyshy；theyjustbequietpeople.A.mustB.mayC.shouldD.would3.will与would1.表“请求、建议”等，用would比用will委婉，客气些Eg:1)Willyoulendmeyourbook?2)Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?2.用于表示意志或意愿。will指现在，而would指过去。Eg:1)I’llneverdothatagain.2)Theysaidthattheywouldhelpus.3)NomatterwhatIsaid,hewon’tlistentome.3.表示习惯性动作。译作“总是、惯于”will指现在，would指过去。Eg:1)Hewilloftenreadallnight.2)Fishwilldiewithoutwater.3)Everyevening,shewouldsitbywindow,deepinthought.4.表示功能，译作“能、行”Eg:1)Thatwillbeallright.2)Thisdoorwon’topen.1.Thewaytheguests___inthehotelinfluencedtheirevaluationoftheserviceA.treatedB.weretreatedC.wouldtreatD.wouldbetreatedWhatapity.Consideringhisabilityandexperience,he____better.A.needhavedoneB.musthavedoneC.canhavedoneD.mighthavedoneLiza___wellnotwanttogoonthetrip---shehatestraveling.A.willB.canC.mustD.mayAlthoughthis____soundlikeasimpletask,greatcareisneeded.A.mustB.mayC.shallD.shouldDDBD4.Shouldoughtto语气更强否定为oughtnottoEverybodyoughttodoatleasttwothings.1.用于表劝告、建议。意为”应该、应当”。Eg:Youshouldkeepyourpromise.2.用于表推测。意为“可能、该…”Eg:1)It’s7o’clock,heshouldbeathome.2)Theyshouldhavearrivedbynow.3.用于第一人称，表示说话人的谦逊、客气的语气Ishouldadviseyounottodothat.1.—Idon’tcarewhatpeoplethink.—Well,you_______A.couldB.wouldC.shouldD.might2.Whatdoyoumean,thereareonlytentickets?There_____betwelve.A.shouldB.wouldC.willD.shallCA5.must,haveto•must必须：主动haveto不得不：被动接受1.表示义务、意图或建议：必须，应该Imustleaveatsixtoday.我今天必须六点钟离开。2.表示推测：必定，一定Thelightisstillon,sohemustbeathome.灯还是亮的，他一定在家3.表示主张：硬要，一定要Ifyoumustgo,atleastwaittilltherainstops.如果你坚持要走，至少也要等雨停了再走6.need“需要”dare“敢”•肯定句：need/daretodo(实意动词)否定句：needn’t/daren’tdo(情态动词)7.shall1)在一、三人称的疑问句中,shall用来询问对方的意愿。如：Shallwebeginourlesson?Whenshallhebeabletoleavethehospital?2)用于二、三人称的陈述句中,表说话人命令、警告、允诺等口吻。如：HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.YoushalldoasIsay.情态动词+have+done一、“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。1.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.2.Youmusthavebeenmadtospeaktotheservant.二、“can't/couldn’t+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。1.Mr.Smithcan'thavegonetoBeijing,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.2.Marycan'thavestolenyourmoney.Shehasgonehome.三、“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewastoocareless.四、“may/might+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。1.—WhathashappenedtoGeorge?—Idon'tknow.Hemayhavegotlost.2.Shemighthaveachievedgreaterprogress,ifyouhadgivenhermorechances.五、“would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。1.Iwouldhavetoldyouallabouttheboy'sstory,butyoudidn'taskme.2.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn'thaveachievedsomuch.六、“should+have+done”意思是本来应该做某事,实际没做。•“shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。指责对方或自责的含意。1.Tom,youaretoolazy.Theworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.2.Look,Tomiscrying.Ishouldn'thavebeensoharshonhim.七、“oughtto+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做……”，往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。1.IoughttohavegonehomelastSunday.2.Yououghtnottohavegivenhimmorehelp.Completethefollowingsentencesusingmodalverbs.1.You’vebeenworkingallday.You______beverytired.2.Iwonderwhothatis.It_____beLisa.She’sinthelibraryatthistime.3.Itisalongtimesincewemetlasttime.You_____comeandseeusmoreoften.4.Ihaven’tdecidedwhereI’mgoingformyholidays.I_____gotoAustralia.mustcan’tshouldmay5.---Whowasthemantalkingwithyourteacher?---I’mnotsure.It______beherbrother.6.Idon’tknowwhentheguestsbehere.They_________arriveatanytime.mightwill/