8B-现在完成时-语法讲解及练习

18BUnit1Pastandpresent复习学案一、语法——现在完成时1.现在完成时用法：（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或结果。常和下列副词连用：recently,lately，already（肯定句）,yet（否定句和疑问句），never,ever,just,before等。例：Wehaven’tseenyourecently.Ihaven’thadmybreakfastyet.HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?(2)表示过去的动作持续到现在，可能还要继续下去。（延续性用法）常接下列时间状语：for+一段时间；since+时间点；since+一段时间+ago;since+从句（从句用一般过去时），sofar,inthepastthreeyears等。例：I’veknownthisplaceformanyyears.Hisfatherhasworkedinthefactorysince1991.Maryhasfinishedthehomeworksincetwentyminutesago.（3）表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间内反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。例：IhavebeentotheSummerPalacetwice.2.现在完成时构成：1、肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他2、否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他3、一般疑问句：have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他？肯Yes,主语+have/has.否No,主语+haven't/hasn't.4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他？【拓展】现在完成时反义疑问句结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他，have/has+not+主语？主语+have/has+not/否定词+动词过去分词+其他，have/has+主语？例：Shehasfinishedherhomework,hasn’tshe?Ihaven’thadmybreakfastyet,haveI?3．现在完成时易错点考点：(1)现在完成时属于现在时态范畴，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastweek,adayago等。(2)瞬间动词也叫短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的短语连用。【小试牛刀】判断正误并改正：①Theyhaveboughtthecomputerfortwoweeks.②Theshowhasstartedfor2hours③Theyhavebeenawayfromtheirhomethreeyearsago.2④MyparentshavegonetoShanghaitwice.练习：将下列句子改为同义句①MrZhangcametoourschoolin2004Mrzhang___________________ourschoolforfiveyears.②IleftmyhometownwhenIwastenyearsold.I____________________frommyhometown_______Iwastenyearsold.（3）Ithasbeen\is+一段时间+since从句从句通常用一般过去时。例：Ithasbeentenyearssincemyfamilycametothiscity.Itistenyearssincemyfamilycametothiscity.（4）since和for的区别since之后为时间点。since2000sincetenyearsagosinceIwasveryyoung.for后面跟时间段。forthreeyearsforalongtime当句中有for+段时间或since+点时间等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词【小试牛刀】Amyhasn’tbeentoSingapore_______lastyear.Haveyouplayedbasketball________threemonths?单选：1Tom______theCDplayerfortwoweeks.A.haslentB.hasborrowedC.hasboughtD.hashad析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表段时间的短语连用。2.I______aletterfromhimsinceheleft.A.didn'treceiveB.haven'tgotC.didn'thaveD.haven'theard析：据since可知，应排除A、C，hearfromsb.=receive/get/havealetterfromsb.故选B。二、考查have/hasbeen(to,in)/have/hasgone(to)的区别：have/hasgoneto表示“去了”某地，已经不在这里了，故不能和第一和第二人称连用，瞬间性动词不能跟次数连用，不能和never,ever,before连用，也不能和一段时间连用。have/hasbeento强调的是“去过”某地，已经不在所说的地方，可以和次数（once,twice,threetimes）连用，还可以和never,ever,just,before,sofar,already等连用，但是不能和表示一段时间的短语连用（如：howlong,fortwodays,sincelastweek等）Have/hasbeenin强调的是在某个地方停留的时间，要接一段时间。【小试牛刀】用have\hasbeento与have(has)goneto填空:1.Where’sJim?He____________England.例.Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.Ａ.havebeeninＢ.havebeentoＣ.havegonetoＤ.havebeen32._________youever____________America?No,never.3.They________never___________theGreatWall.4.MrGreenisn’there.He________Nanjingforameeting.5.Where_________you_____?I____just_____thelibrary.6.A:WhereareKateandAnn?B:They_____China.A:_______theyever_______therebefore?B:No,never.三、短暂性动词与延续性动词短暂性动词延续性动词现在完成时arriveat(in)getto/reachcome/go/moveto.bein/athavebeenin/atcomeback//goback/returnbebackhavebeenbackcomeout/gooutbeouthavebeenoutbecomebehavebeenclosebeclosedhavebeenclosedopen(v)beopen(adj.)havebeenopengetupbeuphavebeenupdiebedeadhavebeendeadleavebeawayfromhavebeenawayfromfallasleep/gettosleepbeasleephavebeenasleepfinish/endbeoverhavebeenovermarry/getmarriedbemarriedhavebeenmarriedbegin/startbeonhavebeenonborrowkeephavekeptbuyhavehavehadputonwearcatch/getacoldhaveacoldhavehadacoldgettoknowknowhaveknownhave/hasgonetohave/hasbeeninjointheleague/theParty/thearmybeamember/membersof;beinhavebeenamember/membersof;havebeenin1.现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在，并可以和以for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，也可以用在以“howlong”提问的句子中，句子中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。例：HehasbeenawayfromBeijingfortwoyears.=HeleftBeijingtwoyearsago.4Whendidthetrainarrivehere?B.Howlong____thetrain____here?2.在现在完成时的肯定句中，非延续性动词作谓语动词时，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。但可以用其他句式来表示同一个意思。例：Lucyhascomeback.Theoldmandied4yearsago.=Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.HehasbeenawayfromBeijingfortwoyears.=HeleftBeijingtwoyearsago.=ItistwoyearssinceheleftBeijing.=TwoyearshaspassedsinceheleftBeijing.3.非延续性动词可以在现在完成时的否定句中作谓语，并可以与for，since引导的时间状语连用，表示动作的延续过程。例如：Shehasn’tboughtanynewclothessincelastyear.Ihaven’tborrowedthebookforalongtime.【随堂练习】1.Whenhearrivesatthebusstop,thebus________for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway2.I______theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin3.Thefactory________sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened4.Themeeting_______foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover5.MissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught6.Howlong_______he________?A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead课后练习：一、用所给词适当形式填空1.----WhereisJim?----He______theflowersoverthere.(water)2.Hewillgivethebookbacktoyouifhe_______(finish)readingittomorrow.3.Kittyused_________(is)agooddancer.4.Mygrandpaisusedto_________(live)inthecountryside.5.I___________(be)toWuximanytimes.6.Themeeting_________(begin)inhalfanhour.7.----______you_______(see)mywatch?----Yes,I______(see)itonyourdeskfiveminutesago.8.I_________(cook)whenthetelephone_______(ring)yesterday.9.We____________(live)inaflatinthecitysincewe________(move)therein1998.510.____________(fromtimetotime),th