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ContentsAbstract(English)……………….……………………………………….…...iAbstract(Chinese)………………………………………………………….........ii1.Introduction………….………….……………….….………....………………12.Thesynopsisof“TheCatcherintheRye”...………………….…………..…13.AnanalysisofthecharacterofHoldenandit’scause…………………...….23.1TheagecharacteristicsofHoldenandhisspiritualworld..........23.2Thesocialbackground………………….………….………….…………43.3Thehistoricalbackground………………………………………………53.4TheagecharacteristicsofadolescentHolden…………………..............64.Thelanguageandwritingstyle…………………………………………….....84.1Therealismin“TheCatcherintheRye”................................................84.2Thelanguageuseof“TheCatcherintheRye”………………………...94.3Thesymbolismin“TheCatcherintheRye”……………………..........105.Conclusion………………………………………………….………………….126.References……………………………………………………………………..147.Acknowledgements………………………………….........................................15AbstractAmericanwriterJ.D.Salinger’snovel“TheCatcherintheRye”hasshapedtheimageofaliteraryclassicHoldenCaulfield.Infact,HoldenCaulfieldisthememberoftheBeatGeneration.Althoughheisakind-heartedteenagerandeagertobeloved,helivedinacircumstancewithoutloveandwarmth.Hisworldisfilledwithbetray.Suchacircumstancemakeshimfeellonelyandexpelledbyschool.ThispapergivesusabriefdiscussionofthereasonsthatHoldenhassuchacomplicatedcharacterbyanalyzingthesocailbackground,historicalbackgroundandtheagecharacterofHolden.Becauseofthisdualcharacter,hewantstobe“acatcherintherye”toprotectotherchildrenfrominjuringbytheadultworld.KeyWords:“TheCatcherintheRye”;puberty;psychologicalchange摘要美国作家J.D.塞林格的著名小说《麦田里的守望者》塑造了霍尔顿·考尔菲尔德这一经典的文学形象。事实上，霍尔顿是跨掉一代的一份子，虽然霍尔顿是一个充满爱心并渴望爱的青少年，但他却生活在一个缺失爱和温暖，并且处处被背叛的世界。正是这样的环境导致了他的寂寞、学业上的失败甚至精神上的崩溃。本文通过对主人公霍尔顿所处的时代和自身特定的年龄阶段进行分析，浅议霍尔顿既颓废落寞又纯朴善良的双重人格形成的原因。正是这种双重的人格使他自己想要做一个麦田里的守望者，去拯救那些在悬崖边缘徘徊的迷途的孩子们，他自己本身是时代的牺牲品，他不想让更多的孩子也像他一样受成人社会的伤害。关键词：《麦田里的守望者》；青春期；心理变化1．Introduction“TheCatcherintheRye”isJ.D.Salinger’smostsuccessfulnovel.Thenoveltellsa16-year-oldmiddleschoolboy─Holden’slivingstyleinNewYorkcity.BecauseHoldenisnotgoodatstudy,heisexpelledfromschool.Inordernottogohomeearlierthanhisparents,helethimselfroaminNewYork.ThenovelmainlydepictsHolden’sthree-dayadventurelifeandhispsychologicalfeelings.Holdenistiredofmoderncivilization’shypocrisyandcorruption,andhecan’tfindthelifegoal.Hethusbecomesanxious,crazyanddespairing.Althoughhetriestoreturntonature,butatlasthehastostayintherealsociety,learntoadjusthimselfandadaptthesocietygradually.Asanearly-maturingteenager,Holdenwasbitterlyawarethatmodernsocietyprovidedapoorevenbarrensoilfortheyouth.Itmadethe“edger”,whowasgrowinguplikehim,stoptostepintothefuturebecauseoffear.Theworldismadeof“childrenangels”and“adultsevils”,tobe“acatcherintherye”washisuniquemeaningfuljobandhisonlymoralchoice.Differentyouths,parentsandcriticscommentedonthisnovelfromdifferentviews.Thereweretwomainentirelydifferentopinions.Somepeopleextolledthisbookwhileotherpeoplecriticizeditseverely.Howeverwithtimegoingby,itsstatusinAmericanliteratureisgraduallystableanditwaspaidmoreattentionbythecritics.2．Thesynopsisof“TheCatcherintheRye”YoungHoldenCaulfieldisexpelledfromschoolbecauseofpooracademicrecords.Heisafraidtomeethisparentsearlier.FinallyhelethimselfroaminNewYork.Then,hewenttoahotelwhereiscrawlingwithprostitutesandqueers.Hebecomes,verysoon,awareofthefactthattheworldofadultsisa“phony”one,andthatheissurroundedbyallkindsof“jerks”.HisfirstnightinNewYorkendedinabitterquarrelwithapimpwhocheatshimoutofhispocketandbeatshimup.Thenextmorningprovesdullandspiritless.Thedaymovesonslowly,sadandweary.Hemethisfriend,butthemeetingwasendwithantherquarrel.Holdendrankwithanoldacquaintancebutithadlittleeffecttoimprovehismood.Hegetsdrunkandfeelsdepressedandlonesome.Nightfalls,HoldensneaksbackhometoseehisyoungersisterPhoebe.Sheisalivelykid,butshetalkedtoHoldenthattheirfatherwouldkillinghimwhenhearingthatHoldenwasexpelledfromschool.SoHoldenthoughofanex-classmate,thenhejumpoutofthewindowandlayonthestonesteps.Creepingoutofhome,hewenttohisformerteacher,Mr.Antolini’shome,buthefoundthatthemanisahomosexual.HissecondnightinNewYorkthusendswithahastyescapeformMr.Antolini’shouse.Christmasiscoming,butHoldenfeelshimselfsinking.Nowheisthinkingtogotowestandspendingtherestofhislifethere.Hewenthometosaygood-byetohisyoungersisterPhoebe.ButPhoebewasinsistsongoingwithhim.Thisunexpectedactoflovejostleshimoutofhisdreamandhisnightmarishthree-dayadventureinNewYork.Hewenthome,afterthatevening,hefellill,soherecoversinapsychiatricwardinCalifornia.Itistherethatherecountshissadstoryofgrowingupin“TheCatcherintheRye”.J.D.SalingerwasborninNewYorkCity,in1916.HegrewupinNewHampshireandlaterattendedthreecolleges,butdidnotgetanydegrees.Asearlyastheageoffifteenhebeganwriting,publishinghisfirstshortstorywhenhewastwenty-one.AfterserviceasaninfantrysergeantinEurope.DuringtheWorldWarⅡhewrotemorestories,mostofhisworkswerepublishedinCollier’s,SaturdayEveningPost,Storyandotherjournals.Slinger’sfirstmajorwork,“TheCatcherintheRye”,provesawholegenerationinsearchofnewvalues.HoldenCaulfieldisanadolescenthero,hei