吴明：联合国翻译：高翻学院翻译实例讲评(一)

高翻学院翻译实例讲评（一）A.理解错误B.误译或不确切C.语句不通顺D.对翻译的要求E.参考译文全文OriginalTextTheprolongeddroughthashaddevastatingimpactsonthesocio-economicsystem,thehumanpopulationandtheecologyandenvironmentinAfrica.Ithasledtoseriousfoodscarcity---whichhasfurtherexacerbatedanalreadyunfavourablefoodsituation,malnutrition,disease,famine,lossofhumanlives,sharpdepletionofanimalstocks,increasedpoverty---particularlyamongthedisadvantagedgroups;imbalanceinanddesiccationofwaterresources;increasedmigration—particularlyrural-urbanmigration;humansufferingandhardship;andgenerallytothedislocationofthenormallifesituationandthefragileeconomiesofmanyAfricancountries.Furthermore,droughthasaggravatedtheeconomiccrisisinmanyAfricancountriesbyintensifyingtheunemploymentproblem,depletinggovernmentrevenuesandthescarceforeignexchangeearningsandstymyingtheratesofgrowthofthemajorproductivesectorsandoftheeconomyasawhole.Theabnormallydryyearshavealsoputextremepressureonvegetation;itisestimatedthattheusableextentofthepastoralareasinthearidandsemi-aridregionsinAfricahasbeenreducedby25percentsincetheonsetofthe1968drought.InmanyAfricancountriesinwhichlivestockwealthisofcrucialimportancetothenationaleconomyandthewelfareofthepopulation,livestockherdshavebeenbadlydepletedasaresultoftheshortageofpastureandwater,poorgrazingconditionsandanimaldiseases.Thetragicconsequencesofthedroughthavebeenfurtheraggravatedbyanincreaseddisruptioninthebalancebetweenthehuman/livestockpopulationontheonehandandphysicalresourcesontheother,broughtaboutbyincreasinghumanandlivestockpopulationpressuresontheshrinkingphysicalresourcesandbyharmfulhumanresponsestotheclimaticvariabilityanddroughtFurthermore,theimpactsofdroughtaremadedevastatinglyworsewhenitisconsideredthatthemajorityofthecountriesthataremoreseverelyaffectedbythedroughtareamongAfrica’sleastdevelopedcountrieswhicharenotequippedtodealwiththeirperennialandmountingeconomicproblem,letalonewiththeaddedvagariesofsuchacalamity.Traditionally,theAfricanpopulationshavetriedtoaverttheimpactsofdroughtbyvariousmethodssuchassellingorloaningofcattle,seekingalternativeemployment,foodsharingandbymigration,particularlyfromruraltourbanareas.Ontheotherhand,harmfulresponsestodroughthaveexacerbateditsimpacts.Practicessuchasovergrazing,diggingdeepboreholes,growingofhighwaterusecropsindrought-proneareasanddeforestationforfuelwoodhavefurtherupsetthebalancebetweenhuman/animalresourcesandphysicalresourcesandacceleratedthedesertificationprocess.Positivetraditionalresponsestodroughtneedtobestrengthenedinordertocushionitsnegativeimpacts,whileharmfulpracticesshouldbeavertedandvigorouslydiscouraged.A.理解错误1.举例1Ithasledtoseriousfoodscarcity---whichhasfurtherexacerbatedanalreadyunfavourablefoodsituation,malnutrition,disease,famine,lossofhumanlives,sharpdepletionofanimalstocks,increasedpoverty---particularlyamongthedisadvantagedgroups;imbalanceinanddesiccationofwaterresources;increasedmigration—particularlyrural-urbanmigration;humansufferingandhardship;andgenerallytothedislocationofthenormallifesituationandthefragileeconomiesofmanyAfricancountries.1.1.讲评译文它造成严重的食物短缺—这进一步加重了本来就不容乐观的食物形势，造成营养不良、疾病、饥荒、人类死亡、动物饲料减少和更加严重的贫困问题---这些问题在弱势群体中表现的更为严重；在非洲，尤其在弱势群体中，业已存在种种不良状况，如食品匮乏、营养不良、疾病肆虐、饥荒、死亡、牲畜数量剧减、贫困人口增多等等，而长期干旱导致了严重的食物短缺，使局势更为恶化。1.2.参考译文它导致了严重的粮食匮乏，特别是弱势群体的粮食匮乏，从而进一步恶化本已困难的粮食局势、营养不良、疾病、饥荒、死亡、牲畜锐减、贫困加剧；它还造成水资源的不平衡及枯竭；迫使更多人迁徙（尤其是从农村迁往城市）；给人们带来苦难；而且普遍导致许多非洲国家的正常生活及其本已脆弱的经济的失调。2.举例2Thetragicconsequencesofthedroughthavebeenfurtheraggravatedbyanincreaseddisruptioninthebalancebetweenthehuman/livestockpopulationontheonehandandphysicalresourcesontheother,broughtaboutbyincreasinghumanandlivestockpopulationpressuresontheshrinkingphysicalresourcesandbyharmfulhumanresponsestotheclimaticvariabilityanddrought.2.1.讲评译文一方面，人口和牲畜数量的不平衡，另一方面，由于人口和牲畜数量增长以及人类对气候变化的干旱采取有害反应而对自然资源带来的巨大压力，干旱所造成的恶劣后果还在进一步恶化一方面，人口和牲畜数量在不断增加，而物质资源却在不断减少；另一方面，人类应对气候变化的干旱时采取的行为不当，也加深了这一不平衡主要是人口和牲畜数量增加，而可用资源不断减少之间的矛盾，以及人类对气候变化的干旱所做出的反应。由于人口和牲畜对物理资源的依赖增加，人类对气候变化和干旱的错误方式，使人畜比例以及物理资源严重失衡，从而进一步恶化了干旱所带来的不良后果。干旱的悲剧性后果已被进一步扩大。一方面，是由于人类/牲畜数量的平衡正遭受越来越大的破坏，另一方面，物质资源也逐渐遭到破坏。2.2.参考译文旱灾造成了可悲的后果，由于在人口数/牲畜头数及自然资源之间的平衡更形失调而进一步加剧，这种平衡失调不仅是由于人口及畜群对日益减少的自然资源的压力增大，也是由于人们对气候的变化莫测以及干旱作出的有害反应所造成的。3.举例3Furthermore,droughthasaggravatedtheeconomiccrisisinmanyAfricancountriesbyintensifyingtheunemploymentproblem,depletinggovernmentrevenuesandthescarceforeignexchangeearningsandstymyingtheratesofgrowthofthemajorproductivesectorsandoftheeconomyasawhole.3.1.讲评译文旱灾会加剧许多非洲国家面临的经济危机，加剧就业难的问题，消耗政府收入和本来就不多的外汇收入，妨碍经济结构中主要生产力的发展，阻碍经济的整体发展。3.2.参考译文更有甚者，旱灾加剧了失业问题，使政府收入及有限的外汇收入耗竭，并使主要生产部门及整个经济的增长速度受到抑制，从而使许多非洲国家陷入更深刻的经济危机。4.举例4Theprolongeddroughthashaddevastatingimpactsonthesocio-economicsystem,thehumanpopulationandtheecologyandenvironmentinAfrica.Ithasledtoseriousfoodsecarcity;imbalanceinanddesiccationofwaterresources…;andgenerallytothedislocationofthenormallifesituationandthefragileeconomiesofmanyAfricancountries.4.1.讲评译文此次旷日持久的旱灾对于非洲的社会经济体系、人口及生态与环境已造成灾难性的影响。它导致了严重的粮食匮乏…它还造成水资源的不平衡及枯竭；以及正常生活环境的破坏和很多非洲国家经济的衰退。4.2.参考译文此次旷日持久的旱灾对于非洲的社会经济体系、人口及生态与环境已造成灾难性